Uyini Umdlavuza Wesisu? Yiziphi izimpawu nezindlela zokwelapha?

Uyini Umdlavuza Wesisu? Yiziphi izimpawu nezindlela zokwelapha?
Umdlavuza wesisu ubangelwa ukuhlukana okungavamile kwamaseli esiswini. Isisu siyisitho esinemisipha esitholakala engxenyeni engenhla yomgodi wesisu ohlangothini lwesobunxele, ngaphansi kwezimbambo.

Umdlavuza wesisu ubangelwa ukuhlukana okungavamile kwamaseli esiswini. Isisu siyisitho esinemisipha esitholakala engxenyeni engenhla yomgodi wesisu ohlangothini lwesobunxele, ngaphansi kwezimbambo. Ukudla okuthathwa ngomlomo kulethwa esiswini ngomphimbo. Ukudla okufinyelela esiswini kungagcinwa isikhashana esiswini. Ngemva kwalokho ziyabhujiswa futhi zigaywe.

Isisu sinezingxenye ezine: "i-cardia", ebizwa ngokuthi umnyango wesisu lapho umphimbo uxhumeka khona, "fundus", okuyingxenye engenhla yesisu, "corpus", umzimba wesisu, futhi " pylorus", exhuma isisu emathunjini amancane.

Umdlavuza wesisu, owaziwa nangokuthi umdlavuza wesisu, ungaqhamuka kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yesisu. Ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, indawo evamile yomdlavuza wesisu umzimba wesisu. Kodwa-ke, e-United States, indawo evame kakhulu lapho umdlavuza wesisu uqala khona i-gastroesophageal junction, lapho isisu nesisu sixhuma khona.

Umdlavuza wesisu yisifo esikhula kancane kancane. Kwenzeka kaningi kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka yobudala engama-60 kuya kwengama-80.

Yiziphi Izinhlobo Zomdlavuza Wesisu?

Umdlavuza wesisu usuka kumaseli wezindlala amboze ingaphakathi lesisu ezimweni ezingama-95%. Umdlavuza wesisu ungathuthuka futhi usabalale odongeni lwesisu ngisho nasegazini noma ekujikelezeni kwe-lymphatic.

Umdlavuza wesisu uqanjwe ngokwengqamuzana osuka kuyo. Eminye imidlavuza yesisu ejwayelekile yilena elandelayo:

  • I-Adenocarcinoma : Iwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wesisu. Ithumba livela esakhiweni sezindlala esimboze ingaphakathi lesisu.
  • I-Lymphoma : Isuka kumaseli e-lymphocyte abamba iqhaza ohlelweni lokuzivikela komzimba.
  • I-Sarcoma : Iwuhlobo lomdlavuza osuka kuzicubu ezinamafutha, izicubu ezixhumeneyo, izicubu zemisipha noma imithambo yegazi.
  • Umdlavuza we-Metastatic : Iwuhlobo lomdlavuza owenzeka ngenxa yokusabalala kweminye imidlavuza efana nomdlavuza webele, umdlavuza wamaphaphu noma i-melanoma esiswini, kanti izicubu zomdlavuza eziyinhloko azikho esiswini.

Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza wesisu, njengesimila se-carcinoid, i-cell carcinoma encane kanye ne-squamous cell carcinoma, azivamile.

Ziyini Izimbangela Zomdlavuza Wesisu?

Indlela edala ukukhula okungalawuleki nokwanda kwamaseli esiswini futhi okubangela umdlavuza akwaziwa ngokugcwele. Kodwa-ke, kutholakale ukuthi kunezici ezithile ezandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesisu.

Enye yalezi yibhaktheriya ye-H.pylori, engabangela ukutheleleka okuvamile okungabonakali kanye nezilonda esiswini. I-Gastritis, echazwa ngokuthi ukuvuvukala kwesisu, i-anemia eyingozi, okuwuhlobo oluhlala isikhathi eside lwe-anemia, nama-polyps, okuyizakhiwo eziphumela ngaphandle kwesisu, kwandisa le ngozi. Ezinye izici ezandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesisu zibalwe ngezansi:

  • Ukubhema
  • Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile noma ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
  • Ukudla ukudla okubhenywa kakhulu nokunosawoti omningi
  • Ukudla okugqumisa kakhulu
  • Ukuphuza utshwala njalo
  • Ukuhlinzwa isisu ngenxa yesilonda
  • Iqembu legazi
  • Ukutheleleka ngegciwane le-Epstein-Barr
  • Ezinye izakhi zofuzo
  • Ukusebenza embonini yamalahle, insimbi, izingodo noma irabha
  • Ukuchayeka kwe-asbestos
  • Ukuba nomuntu emndenini onomdlavuza wesisu
  • Ukuba neFamilial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP), I-Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC)-Lynch Syndrome noma i-Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome

Umdlavuza wesisu uqala ngezinguquko ku-DNA, izakhi zofuzo, zamaseli esiswini. Lezi zinguquko zivumela amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukuba ahlukane futhi aphile ngokushesha kuyilapho amangqamuzana anempilo efa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amangqamuzana omdlavuza ahlanganisa futhi abhubhise izicubu ezinempilo. Ngakho, ingasakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Yiziphi izimpawu zomdlavuza wesisu?

Uphawu oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wesisu ukuncipha kwesisindo. Isiguli silahlekelwa ngo-10% noma ngaphezulu kwesisindo somzimba waso ezinyangeni eziyisi-6 ezedlule. Izimpawu ezilandelayo zingabhekwa njengezimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza wesisu:

  • Ukuqunjelwa ukudla
  • Ukuzwa ukuqunjelwa ngemva kokudla
  • Ukuzwa ukushisa esifubeni
  • Isicanucanu esincane
  • Ukulahlekelwa ukudla

Izimpawu ezinjengokungagayeki kahle kokudla noma ukuzwa ukushisa esifubeni kuphela akubonisi umdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, uma izikhalazo ziziningi kakhulu futhi kubonakala kunezimpawu ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, isiguli sihlolelwa izici eziyingozi zomdlavuza wesisu futhi kungase kucelwe ezinye izivivinyo.

Njengoba ubukhulu besimila bukhula, izikhalazo ziba zimbi kakhulu. Ezigabeni zakamuva zomdlavuza wesisu, lezi zimpawu ezinzima ezilandelayo zingase zenzeke:

  • Isisu esibuhlungu
  • Ukubona igazi esigqikini
  • Ukuphalaza
  • Ukuncipha kwesisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo
  • Ubunzima bokugwinya
  • Amehlo aphuzi amhlophe kanye nombala wesikhumba ophuzi
  • Ukuvuvukala esiswini
  • Ukuqunjelwa noma isifo sohudo
  • Ubuthakathaka nokukhathala
  • Ubuhlungu esifubeni

Izikhalazo ezibalwe ngenhla zibucayi kakhulu futhi zidinga ukubonisana nodokotela.

Utholakala Kanjani Umdlavuza Wesisu?

Akukho ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wesisu. Sehle isibalo sabantu abaphethwe umdlavuza wesisu eminyakeni engu-60 edlule. Kodwa-ke, abantu abanomlando womndeni noma ama-syndromes abeka engcupheni yomdlavuza wesisu kufanele bahambe bayohlolwa njalo. Umlando wezokwelapha wesiguli uyathathwa futhi ukuhlolwa komzimba kuqala.

Uma udokotela ebona kudingekile, angase acele ukuhlolwa okunjengalokhu okulandelayo:

  • Ama-Tumor Markers: Izinga legazi lezinto ezaziwa ngokuthi omaka bomdlavuza (CA-72-4, carcinoembryonic antigen, CA 19-9)
  • I-Endoscopy: Isisu sihlolwa ngosizo lweshubhu elincanyana neliguquguqukayo kanye nekhamera.
  • I-Upper Gastrointestinal System Radiograph: Isiguli sinikezwa uketshezi oluchaki olubizwa ngokuthi i-barium futhi isisu sibonwa ngeso lengqondo ngqo ku-radiograph.
  • I-Computed Tomography: Iwumshini wokuthwebula izithombe owakha izithombe ezinemininingwane ngosizo lwemisebe ye-X-ray.
  • I-Biopsy: Isampula ithathwa esicutshini esingavamile sesisu futhi ihlolwe nge-pathologically. Ukuxilongwa okuqondile yi-biopsy futhi uhlobo lomdlavuza lunqunywa umphumela we-pathology.

Izigaba Zomdlavuza Wesisu

Isici esibaluleke kakhulu esinquma ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesisu yizigaba zomdlavuza wesisu. Izigaba zomdlavuza wesisu; Kunqunywa ubukhulu bethumba, ukuthi selisakazekele ku-lymph node, noma ukuthi selisakazekele kwenye indawo ngaphandle kwesisu.

Umdlavuza wesisu uwuhlobo lomdlavuza ovame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-adenocarcinoma futhi uqala kulwelwesi lwesisu. Izigaba zomdlavuza wesisu zisiza ekunqumeni izinga lokusabalala komdlavuza kanye nezinketho zokwelapha. Isiteji ngokuvamile sisebenzisa uhlelo lwe-TNM. Lolu hlelo lusekelwe kumingcele I-Tumor (i-tumor), i-Node (i-lymph node) kanye ne-Metastasis (esakazeka ezithweni ezikude). Izigaba zomdlavuza wesisu yilezi:

Isiteji Somdlavuza Wesisu 0 Izimpawu

Isiteji 0 : Ukuba khona kwamangqamuzana angenampilo anamandla okuphenduka abe amangqamuzana omdlavuza kungqimba lwe-epithelial olumboza indawo engaphakathi yesisu. Ukwelapha kutholakala ngokuhlinza ingxenye noma sonke isisu. Kanye nesisu, ama-lymph nodes eduze nesisu, okuyingxenye ebalulekile yamasosha omzimba emzimbeni wethu, nawo ayasuswa.

Kulesi sigaba, umdlavuza uhlasela amangqamuzana olwelwesi lwesisu kuphela futhi awukasabaleli ezicutshini ezijulile noma ama-lymph nodes.

Esigabeni 0 (Tis N0 M0) somdlavuza wesisu, umdlavuza uthinte kuphela amangqamuzana olwelwesi lwesisu futhi awukasabaleli ezicutshini ezijulile noma ama-lymph nodes. Ngakho-ke, izimpawu zomdlavuza kulesi sigaba ngokuvamile zithambile.

Umdlavuza Wesisu Isigaba 1 Izimpawu

Isigaba 1: Kulesi sigaba, kunamaseli omdlavuza esiswini futhi kungenzeka ukuthi asabalele kuma-lymph nodes. Njengesigaba 0, ingxenye noma sonke isisu kanye nama-lymph nodes endaweni eseduze asuswa ngokuhlinzwa. I-Chemotherapy noma i-chemoradiation ingase yengezwe ekwelashweni ngaphambi noma ngemva kokuhlinzwa.

Uma kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, kunciphisa ubukhulu bomdlavuza futhi kuvumele ukuba ususwe ngokuhlinzwa, futhi uma kwenziwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kusetshenziselwa ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele ngemva kokuhlinzwa.

I-Chemotherapy imithi ehlose ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ngaphezu kwezidakamizwa, i-chemoradiotherapy ihlose ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngokusebenzisa amandla aphezulu emisebe nge-radiotherapy.

Esigabeni soku-1 somdlavuza wesisu (T1 N0 M0), umdlavuza ususabalele phezulu noma ungqimba olungezansi lodonga lwesisu kodwa awukasakazeki kuma-lymph nodes noma kwezinye izitho. Izimpawu kulesi sigaba zingase zifane nesigaba 0, kodwa kungase kube nezinye izimpawu ezengeziwe ezibonisa ukuthi umdlavuza usudlulele esigabeni esithuthuke kakhulu.

Umdlavuza Wesisu Isigaba 1 Izimpawu;

  • Ubuhlungu besisu nokungaphatheki kahle
  • Ukuqunjelwa noma isicanucanu
  • Ukulahlekelwa ukudla nokuncipha kwesisindo
  • Indle enegazi noma ukuhlanza
  • Ukukhathala

Umdlavuza Wesisu Isigaba 2 Izimpawu

Isiteji sesi-2 : Umdlavuza ususabalele ezindaweni ezijulile zesisu kanye nama-lymph nodes. Ngokufanayo nokwelashwa kwesigaba 1, ukwelashwa okuyinhloko esigabeni 2 kuhlanganisa i-chemoradiotherapy yangaphambi noma ngemva kokuhlinzwa kanye nokuhlinzwa.

Umdlavuza Wesisu Isigaba 2 Izimpawu;

  • Ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph nodes
  • Ukukhathala
  • Indle enegazi noma ukuhlanza
  • Ukuqunjelwa nokucanuzela kwenhliziyo
  • Isifiso sokudla nokuncipha kwesisindo

Umdlavuza Wesisu Isigaba 3 Izimpawu

Isiteji sesi-3 : Umdlavuza ususabalele kuzo zonke izingqimba zesisu nezitho eziseduze ezifana nobende nekholoni. Ngokuhlinzwa, isisu sonke siyasuswa futhi kunikezwa i-chemotherapy. Nokho, nakuba lokhu kwelashwa kunganikezi ikhambi eliqinisekile, kukhulula izimpawu nobuhlungu besiguli.

Umdlavuza Wesisu Isigaba 3 Izimpawu;

  • Ijaundice
  • Ukwanda kwe-anemia
  • Ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph nodes
  • Ukukhathala
  • Indle enegazi noma ukuhlanza
  • Ukuqunjelwa nokucanuzela kwenhliziyo
  • Isifiso sokudla nokuncipha kwesisindo

Umdlavuza Wesisu Isigaba 4 Izimpawu

Isigaba 4 : Umdlavuza ususabalele ezithweni ezikude nesisu, njengobuchopho, amaphaphu nesibindi. Kunzima kakhulu ukunikeza ikhambi, inhloso ukudambisa izimpawu.

Umdlavuza Wesisu Isigaba 4 Izimpawu;

  • Ubuhlungu besisu nokungaphatheki kahle
  • Ukuqunjelwa noma isicanucanu
  • Ukulahlekelwa ukudla nokuncipha kwesisindo
  • Indle enegazi noma ukuhlanza
  • Ukukhathala
  • Ijaundice
  • Ukwanda kwe-anemia
  • Ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph nodes
  • Izinkinga zokuphefumula

Welashwa Kanjani Umdlavuza Wesisu?

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesisu kuyehluka kuye ngesimo sempilo jikelele sesiguli. Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesisu ngokuvamile kuhilela indlela eyodwa noma ngaphezulu. Izindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokwelapha umdlavuza wesisu yilezi ezilandelayo.

Ukuhlinzwa: Kuyindlela esetshenziswa njalo ekwelapheni umdlavuza wesisu. Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa ukususwa kwesimila. Le ndlela ihilela ukukhipha isisu sonke (ingqikithi ye-gastrectomy) noma ingxenye yaso kuphela (ingxenye ye-gastrectomy).

I-Radiotherapy: Isetshenziselwa ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma ukulawula ukukhula kwawo ngokusebenzisa imisebe enamandla amakhulu. I-radiotherapy ingasetshenziswa ngaphambi noma ngemva kokuhlinzwa, noma ezimeni lapho umdlavuza ususabalele khona.

I-Chemotherapy: Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma ukulawula ukukhula kwawo.

Yini Engenziwa Ukuze Kuvinjelwe Umdlavuza Wesisu?

Ezinye zezindlela zokuphepha ezingathathwa ukuze kuvinjelwe umdlavuza wesisu zibalwe ngezansi:

  • Yeka ukubhema
  • Ukwelashwa uma unesilonda esiswini
  • Ukudla ukudla okunempilo nokudla okunothe nge-fiber
  • Ukungaphuzi utshwala
  • Ukusebenzisa imithi efana namaphilisi ezinhlungu kanye ne-aspirin ngokucophelela

Uma unezinkinga ezinzima zesisu noma izikhalazo ezingathi sína njengokubona igazi esitulweni sakho noma ukuncipha ngokushesha, kutuswa ukuba uthintane nesikhungo sezempilo futhi uthole ukwesekwa kodokotela abangochwepheshe.

Ingabe Ukuhlinzwa Umdlavuza Wesisu Kuyingozi?

Ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza wesisu, njenganoma yikuphi ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa, kuhilela izingozi. Nokho, izingozi zokuhlinzwa zingase zihluke kuye ngokuthi isiguli sinempilo engakanani, isigaba somdlavuza, kanye nohlobo lokuhlinzwa. Ngakho-ke, izingozi nezinzuzo zokuhlinzwa komdlavuza wesisu kufanele zihlolwe ngokuvumelana nesimo sesiguli. Izingozi ezingaba khona zomdlavuza wesisu zihlanganisa;

  • Ukutheleleka
  • Ukopha
  • Izinkinga ze-anesthesia
  • Ukulimala kwesitho
  • Izinkinga zokuphola kwesilonda
  • Izinkinga zokudla
  • Kukhona ubungozi obuhlukahlukene njengezinkinga ezahlukahlukene.

Yini Elungele Umdlavuza Wesisu?

Akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile ukwelapha noma ukwelapha isimo esibucayi njengomdlavuza wesisu. Kodwa-ke, indlela yokuphila enempilo nokudla okulinganiselayo kunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesisu futhi kusekela inqubo yokwelapha.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Yiziphi izimpawu zomdlavuza wesisu?

Uphawu oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wesisu ukuncipha kwesisindo. Isiguli silahlekelwa ngo-10% noma ngaphezulu kwesisindo somzimba waso ezinyangeni eziyisi-6 ezedlule. Phakathi kwezimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza wesisu: ukungagayeki kahle kokudla, ukuqunjelwa ngemva kokudla, ukuzwa ukushisa esifubeni, isicanucanu esincane nokungathandi ukudla.

Ingabe Likhona Ithuba Lokusinda Umdlavuza Wesisu?

Amathuba okusinda kumuntu okutholakale ukuthi unomdlavuza wesisu ancike ezintweni eziningi. Phakathi kwalezi zici; Lokhu kuhlanganisa isigaba somdlavuza, ukusabela ekwelashweni, isimo sempilo jikelele yesiguli, iminyaka, ubulili, isimo sokudla okunempilo nezinye izimo zezempilo. Umdlavuza wesisu otholakala ezigabeni zokuqala ngokuvamile uba ne-prognosis engcono ngoba uphendula kangcono ekwelashweni.

Ingabe Izimpawu Zomdlavuza Wesisu kanye Nomdlavuza Ziyafana?

Umdlavuza wesisu (i-adenocarcinoma yesisu) kanye nomdlavuza we-colon (umdlavuza we-colorectal) izinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene zomdlavuza ezithinta izinhlelo zezitho ezahlukene. Nakuba zombili izinhlobo zomdlavuza zingezohlelo lwamathumbu, izimpawu zazo zivame ukwehluka.

Buphi Ubuhlungu Bomdlavuza Wesisu?

Ubuhlungu bomdlavuza wesisu ngokuvamile buzwakala endaweni yesisu. Nokho, indawo ethile lapho ubuhlungu buzwakala khona nezici zabo ziyahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu.