ZUIyini i-endocrinology yezingane?
I-Endocrinology isayensi yama-hormone. Amahomoni aqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izitho ezidingekayo ekukhuleni okujwayelekile, ukukhula nokuphila komuntu zisebenza ngokuzwana. Ngayinye yazo ifihliwe ezinhlakeni zayo eziyingqayizivele. Izimo ezibizwa ngokuthi izifo ze-endocrine zenzeka ngenxa yokuthi lezi zindlala azikhuli, zingakheki nhlobo, zingasebenzi kancane kunesidingo, zisebenze kakhulu, noma zingasebenzi ngendlela engavamile. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamahomoni zilawula ukuzala, ukugayeka kokudla, ukukhula nokuthuthuka. Amahomoni aphinde alawule indlela esisabela ngayo endaweni esizungezile futhi asize ukunikeza inani elifanele lamandla nezakhamzimba ezidingekayo ekusebenzeni kwemizimba yethu.
Uchwepheshe we-Endocrinology yezingane ikakhulukazi ubhekana nokuphazamiseka kwamahomoni okwenzeka ebuntwaneni nasebusheni (iminyaka engu-0-19). Iqapha ukukhula okunempilo kwengane, ukuvela kokuthomba ngesikhathi sayo esivamile kanye nenqubekelaphambili yayo enempilo, kanye nokudlulela kwayo okuphephile ekubeni umuntu omdala. Ibhekene nokuxilongwa nokwelashwa kwezingane kanye nentsha enenkinga ye-hormonal kusukela ekuzalweni kuya ekupheleni kweminyaka engu-18.
Hlobo luni lokuqeqeshwa kwezokwelapha olutholwa yizingane ze-endocrinologists?
Ngemuva kokuphothula i-Faculty of Medicine yeminyaka eyisithupha, baqeda uhlelo lweminyaka emi-4 noma emi-5 Lwezempilo Yezingane kanye Nezifo. Bese bechitha iminyaka emithathu ukuze bafunde futhi bathole isipiliyoni ekuxilongeni, ekwelapheni nasekulandeleni izifo zamahomoni (Child Endocrinology masters degree). Sekukonke, kuthatha iminyaka engaphezu kwe-13 ukuqeqesha i-Pediatric endocrinologist.
Yiziphi izifo ezivame kakhulu ze-endocrine kanye nokuphazamiseka ebuntwaneni nasebusheni?
Isiqu esifushane
Kulandela ukukhula okunempilo kusukela ekuzalweni. Iqapha izingane ezizalwa zinesisindo esincane nobude obufushane futhi iyazisekela ukuze zihlangane nontanga yazo enempilo. Ihlola futhi yelapha ukuphazamiseka okwenzeka ngezigaba zokukhula. Isiqu esifushane singase sibe esomndeni noma sibe nesakhiwo, noma singase sibonise ukuntuleka kwamahomoni noma esinye isifo. I-Endocrinology yezingane ihlola futhi yelapha wonke amathuba abangela ukuthi ingane ihlale imfushane.
Uma ubude obufushane kungenxa yokuntuleka kwe-hormone yokukhula, kufanele iphathwe ngaphandle kokulibala. Ukumosha isikhathi kungase kuphumele ekuzuzeni ubude obuncane. Eqinisweni, abantu abasha ipuleti labo lokukhula livaliwe kungenzeka balahlekelwe ngokuphelele ithuba lokwelashwa kwe-hormone yokukhula.
Umfana Omude; Izingane ezizinde ngokusobala kunontanga yazo nazo kufanele zigadwe, kanye nezingane ezimfishane.
Ukuthomba Kwasekuqaleni
Nakuba kunomehluko womuntu ngamunye, ubuncane bezingane zaseTurkey buqala phakathi kweminyaka engu-11-12 kumantombazane naphakathi kweminyaka engu-12-13 kubafana. Nakuba ukuthomba ngezinye izikhathi kuqala kule minyaka, ukuthomba kungaqedwa ngokushesha phakathi nezinyanga eziyi-12-18, futhi lokhu kubhekwa njengokukhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Mayelana nezempilo, uma kukhona isifo esidinga ukudalulwa nokwelapha isimo esidala ukuthomba sisheshe, kufanele selashwe.
Uma izimpawu zokuthomba zingabonwa emantombazaneni nakubafanyana eneminyaka engu-14, kufanele kubhekwe Njengokwephuza Ukuthomba futhi kufanele kuphenywe ngembangela ewumsuka.
Isizathu esiyinhloko sezinye izinkinga ezibonakala ngesikhathi sokuthomba ngokuvamile ama-hormone. Ngalesi sizathu, uchwepheshe we-Pediatric Endocrine ubhekana nokukhula kwezinwele ngokweqile ebusheni, izinkinga zamabele, zonke izinhlobo zezinkinga zokuya esikhathini zamantombazane, kanye ne-Polycystic Ovary (kuze kube yilapho eba neminyaka eyi-18).
I-Hypothyroidism / I-Hyperthyroidism
I-Hypothyroidism, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-goiter, ichazwa ngokuthi indlala yegilo ekhiqiza amahomoni amancane noma awanawo kunalokho okufanele. I-hormone ye-thyroid iyi-hormone ebaluleke kakhulu enemiphumela efana nokuthuthukiswa kobuhlakani, ukukhula kobude, ukuthuthukiswa kwamathambo kanye nokusheshisa kwe-metabolism.
Isimo esiwumphumela wokukhiqizwa kwehomoni yegilo eningi kunokujwayelekile kanye nokukhululwa kwayo egazini kubizwa ngokuthi i-hyperthyroidism. Izazi ze-Endocrinologists zezingane nazo zithola ukuqeqeshwa ukwelapha izigaxana zegilo, umdlavuza wegilo, kanye nezicubu ze-thyroid ezikhulisiwe (i-goiter). Baqapha zonke izingane ezinomlando womndeni we-Thyroid noma i-Goiter.
Izinkinga Zokuhlukaniswa Kwezocansi
Kuwukuphazamiseka kokukhula lapho ubulili bomntwana bungenakunqunywa njengentombazane noma umfana lapho efika nje lapho ezalwa. Kuqashelwa Osanda Kuzalwa noma Udokotela Wezingane ezinganeni ezizalelwa esibhedlela. Nokho, kungase kunganakwa noma kube sobala kamuva.
Lokhu kubalulekile uma amaqanda engabonwa esakeni kubafana, awachami kusukela phezulu kwepipi, noma ipipi libhekwa lincane kakhulu. Emantombazaneni, uma ukuvuleka komgudu womchamo omncane kakhulu noma ukuvuvukala okuncane kubonakala, ikakhulukazi kuzo zombili izinhlungu, kuhlolwa uchwepheshe we-Pediatric Endocrine ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
Isifo Sikashukela Sezingane (Type 1 Diabetes)
Ingenzeka kunoma ibuphi ubudala, kusukela ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kuya ebudaleni obusha. Ukubambezeleka ekwelashweni kubangela ukuthi izimpawu ziqhubekele ku-coma nokufa. Ukwelashwa kungenzeka impilo yonke kanye ne-insulin kuphela. Lezi zingane kanye nabantu abasha kufanele belashwe futhi baqashwe ngeso elibukhali nguchwepheshe we-Pediatric Endocrine baze babe ngabantu abadala.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 esibonwa ebuntwaneni siyalashwa futhi siqashwe ngeso elibukhali nguchwepheshe we-Pediatric Endocrine.
Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
Amandla athathwe ngokweqile noma angasetshenzisiwe ngokwanele, ngisho nasebuntwaneni, agcinwa emzimbeni futhi abangele ukukhuluphala. Nakuba la mandla engeziwe enza iningi lokukhuluphala kwezingane, ngezinye izikhathi ingane ingase ithande ukukhuluphala ngenxa yesifo samahomoni esibangela isisindo esiningi, noma izifo ezithile zofuzo ezizalwa nazo futhi zihlanganisa izifo eziningana.
Unguchwepheshe we-Pediatric Endocrine ophenya ngembangela ewumsuka yokukhuluphala, welapha lapho kudingeka ukwelashwa, futhi aqaphe izinto ezimbi ezibangelwa ukukhuluphala ngokwakho.
Amarikhethi / Impilo Yamathambo: Ukungatholi uvithamini D okwanele noma ukunganele ngokwanele kwamathambo ngenxa yezifo ezizalwa nazo zikavithamini D kubangela isifo esibizwa ngokuthi ama-rickets. Ama-rickets, i-osteoporosis nezinye izifo ze-metabolic zamathambo ziphakathi kwezindawo ezithakaselwayo ze-endocrinology yezingane.
Amahomoni akhishwa ku-Adrenal Gland: Athinta inhliziyo, umfutho wegazi ophakeme (i-endocrine-induced hypertension), ukubekezelela ingcindezi/injabulo, ubulili kanye nokuzala. Ngezifo ze-adrenal gland zokuzalwa noma ezitholwe ebuntwaneni, Ç. Ama-Endocrinologists anentshisekelo.