Uyini umdlavuza wezinso? Yiziphi izimpawu nezindlela zokwelapha?

Izinso, esinye sezitho ezibaluleke kakhulu zomzimba, ziqinisekisa ukukhishwa kwemfucuza ye-metabolic efana ne-uric acid, i-creatinine ne-urea emzimbeni ngomchamo. Kuyasiza futhi ukusabalalisa amaminerali afana nosawoti, i-potassium, i-magnesium nezingxenye ezibalulekile zomzimba ezifana ne-glucose, amaprotheni namanzi ezicubu zomzimba ngendlela elinganiselayo. Lapho umfutho wegazi wehla noma inani le-sodium egazini lehla, i-renin ikhishwa emangqamuzaneni ezinso, futhi lapho inani lomoya-mpilo egazini lehla, amahomoni abizwa ngokuthi i-erythroprotein ayakhishwa. Ngenkathi izinso zilawula umfutho wegazi nge-hormone ye-renin, zisekela ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi ngokuvuselela umnkantsha nge-hormone erythroprotein. Izinso, ezenza ukusetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo kwe-vitamin D efakwe emzimbeni, zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni amathambo namazinyo.

Uyini umdlavuza wezinso?

Umdlavuza wezinso uhlukaniswe kabili: umdlavuza ovela engxenyeni yezinso ekhiqiza umchamo nasengxenyeni yechibi lapho umchamo uqoqwa khona. Ukuhlolwa kwe-CA kuyenziwa ukuze kutholakale umdlavuza wezinso. Ngakho yini i-CA? I-CA, indlela yokuhlola esetshenziselwa ukubona ukuba khona kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza, isetshenziselwa ukukala izinga le-antigen egazini. Noma iyiphi inkinga ohlelweni lokuzivikela komzimba kwandisa inani le-antigen egazini. Uma kwenzeka i-antigen ephakeme, ukuba khona kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza kungashiwo.

Siyini isifo sezinso parenchymal?

Isifo se-renal parenchymal, esaziwa nangokuthi umdlavuza we-renal parenchymal, esivame kakhulu kubantu abadala, sichazwa njengokwanda okungavamile kwamangqamuzana engxenyeni yezinso ekhiqiza umchamo. Isifo se-Parenchymal singavusa nezinye izifo zezinso.

Umdlavuza wesistimu yokuqoqa izinso: Isimila se-Pelvis renalis

Isimila se-pelvis renalis, okuwuhlobo lomdlavuza ongavamile kakhulu kune-renal parenchymal disease, senzeka esifundeni sombhobho. Ngakho-ke, yini i-ureter? Kuyisakhiwo se-tubular esiphakathi kwezinso nesinye futhi sinemicu yemisipha engamasentimitha angama-25-30 ubude. Ukwanda okungavamile kwamangqamuzana okwenzeka kule ndawo kubizwa ngokuthi i-pelvis renalis tumor.

Izimbangela zomdlavuza wezinso

Nakuba izimbangela zokwakheka kwesimila sezinso zingaziwa ngokugcwele, ezinye izici eziyingozi zingase zibangele ukwakheka komdlavuza.

• Njengazo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza, enye yezinto ezinkulu ezidala ukwakheka komdlavuza wezinso ukubhema.
• Isisindo esiningi sikhulisa ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile emzimbeni, okubangela ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kwezinso, kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wezinso.
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu ohlala isikhathi eside,
• Isifo esingamahlalakhona sokuhluleka kwezinso,
• I-Genetic predisposition, i-congenital horseshoe izinso, izifo zezinso ze-polycystic kanye ne-von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, okuyisifo sesistimu,
• Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwemithi, ikakhulukazi amaphilisi ezinhlungu.

Izimpawu zomdlavuza wezinso

• Ukushintsha kombala womchamo ngenxa yegazi emchameni, umchamo onombala omnyama, obomvu obumnyama noma umchamo ogqwalile,
• Ubuhlungu bezinso zangakwesokudla, ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo ohlangothini lwesokudla noma lwesobunxele lomzimba,
• Ku-palpation, kunesisindo sezinso, isisindo endaweni yesisu,
• Ukuncipha kwesisindo nokulahlekelwa ukudla,
• Umkhuhlane ophezulu,
• Ukukhathala okukhulu nokuba buthakathaka kungase kube izimpawu zomdlavuza wezinso.

Ukuxilongwa komdlavuza wezinso

Ekuxilongeni umdlavuza wezinso, ukuhlolwa komzimba kuqala kwenziwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa komchamo nokuhlolwa kwegazi kuyenziwa. Ikakhulukazi amazinga e-creatine aphezulu ekuhlolweni kwegazi abalulekile mayelana nengozi yomdlavuza. Enye yezindlela zokuxilonga ezinikeza umphumela ocacile ekuxilongweni komdlavuza i-ultrasound. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela ye-computed tomography ivumela ukuqonda izinga lomdlavuza nokunquma ukuthi ingabe ususabalele kwezinye izicubu.

ukwelashwa komdlavuza wezinso

Indlela ephumelela kakhulu ekwelapheni isifo sezinso ukukhipha yonke noma ingxenye yezinso ngokuhlinzwa. Ngaphandle kwalokhu kwelashwa, i-radiotherapy ne-chemotherapy ayinawo umthelela otheni ekwelapheni umdlavuza wezinso. Njengomphumela wokuhlolwa nokuhlolwa, inqubo yokuhlinzwa okufanele yenziwe ezinso inqunywa. Ukususwa kwazo zonke izicubu zezinso ngokuhlinzwa kwezinso kubizwa ngokuthi i-radical nephrectomy, futhi ukususwa kwengxenye yezinso kubizwa ngokuthi i-nephrectomy engaphelele. Ukuhlinzwa kungenziwa njengokuhlinzwa okuvulekile noma ukuhlinzwa kwe-laparoscopic.