Siyini isifo sikashukela? Yiziphi izimpawu zesifo sikashukela?

Isifo sikashukela , esihamba phambili phakathi kwezifo zenkathi yethu , uhlobo lwesifo esidlala indima ehamba phambili ekubunjweni kwezifo eziningi ezibulalayo futhi zivame kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Igama eliphelele lalesi sifo, elithi Diabetes Mellitus, lisho umchamo onoshukela ngesiGreki. Kubantu abanempilo, izinga likashukela wegazi lokuzila ukudla liphakathi kuka-70-100 mg/dL. Ukwenyuka kwamazinga kashukela egazini ngaphezu kwalolu hlu ngokuvamile kubonisa isifo sikashukela. Imbangela yalesi sifo ayanele noma ingekho ukukhiqizwa kwehomoni ye-insulin nganoma yisiphi isizathu, noma izicubu zomzimba zingayizwa i-insulin. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zesifo sikashukela Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesifo sikashukela, esivame ukwenzeka kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-35-40, uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 . Ku-Type 2 yesifo sikashukela, esaziwa nangokuthi ukumelana ne-insulin, nakuba ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kumanyikwe kwanele, ukungezwani nale hormone kuyakhula ngoba ama-receptors athola ihomoni ye-insulin kumaseli awasebenzi. Kulokhu, ushukela wegazi awukwazi ukuthunyelwa ezicutshini nge-insulin futhi izinga likashukela wegazi likhuphuka ngaphezu kokujwayelekile. Lesi simo sizibonakalisa ngezimpawu ezinjengomlomo owomile, ukuncipha, ukuphuza amanzi amaningi kanye nokudla kakhulu.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthobela ngokuphelele izimiso zokwelashwa kohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela, okuyimbangela eyinhloko yezifo eziningi ezibalulekile. Ishukela egazini elihlala liphezulu isikhathi eside; Njengoba kubangela umonakalo unomphela kuwo wonke umzimba, ikakhulukazi isimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, izinso namehlo, abantu abatholakala benesifo sikashukela kufanele bathole ngokushesha imfundo yesifo sikashukela futhi bahambisane ngokugcwele nohlelo lokudla okunempilo olugunyazwe udokotela wezokudla.

Siyini isifo sikashukela?

Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus, esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi isifo sikashukela phakathi komphakathi , ngokuvamile lapho izinga le-glucose (ushukela) egazini likhuphuka ngaphezu kokujwayelekile, okuholela ekubeni khona kukashukela emchameni, ngokuvamile akufanele ube noshukela. Isifo sikashukela, esinezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene, siphakathi kwezifo ezivame kakhulu ezweni lakithi nasemhlabeni. Ngokwezibalo zezibalo ezinikezwe i-International Diabetes Federation, umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-11 unesifo sikashukela, futhi njalo emizuzwaneni engu-6, umuntu oyedwa uyafa ngenxa yezinkinga ezihlobene nesifo sikashukela.

Ziyini izimpawu zesifo sikashukela?

Isifo sikashukela sizibonakalisa ngezimpawu ezintathu eziyisisekelo kumuntu ngamunye. Lezi zingafakwa ohlwini njengokudla okungaphezu kokujwayelekile nokuzizwa unganelisekile, ukuchama njalo, umuzwa wokoma nobumnandi emlonyeni futhi, ngokufanele, isifiso sokuphuza amanzi amaningi. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ezinye izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ezingase zibonakale kubantu zingafakwa ohlwini olulandelayo:

• Ukuzizwa ubuthakathaka nokukhathala
• Ukuncipha kwesisindo esisheshayo nokungahlosile
• Ukubona okufiphele
• Ukungakhululeki ngendlela yokuba ndikindiki nokuluma ezinyaweni
• Amanxeba aphola kancane kunokujwayelekile
• Ukoma kwesikhumba nokuluma
• Iphunga elifana ne-acetone emlonyeni

Ziyini izimbangela zesifo sikashukela?

Njengomphumela wocwaningo oluningi ngezimbangela zesifo sikashukela , kuye kwafinyelelwa esiphethweni sokuthi izimbangela zofuzo nezemvelo zidlala indima ndawonye kushukela. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zesifo sikashukela : Isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 kanye nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 Izici ezibangela lesi sifo ziyehluka kuye ngalezi zinhlobo. Nakuba izici zofuzo zinendima enkulu ezimbangela zoHlobo Lukashukela, amagciwane alimaza isitho se-pancreas, esikhiqiza ihomoni ye-insulin ehilelekile ekulawuleni ushukela egazini, nokungasebenzi kahle kohlelo lokuzivikela komzimba nakho kuphakathi kwezinto ezibangela isifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimbangela zesifo sikashukela soHlobo 2, okuwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesifo sikashukela, zingafakwa ohlwini olulandelayo:

• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile (Obesity)
• Ukuba nomlando wesifo sikashukela kubazali
• Iminyaka yobudala
• Indlela yokuphila engenzi lutho
• Ukucindezeleka
• Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye nokubeletha ingane enesisindo esingaphezu kwesijwayelekile

Yiziphi izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela?

Izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela zibhalwe kanje:

• I-Type 1 Diabetes (Isifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin): Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela esivame ukwenzeka ebuntwaneni, sibangelwa ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin eyanele noma ukungabikho kwe-insulin kumanyikwe, futhi sidinga ukutholwa kwe-insulin yangaphandle.
• Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2: Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela esenzeka ngenxa yamangqamuzana angabi nazwelo ku-hormone insulin, elawula ushukela egazini.
• I-Latent Autoimmune Diabetes Kwabadala (LADA): Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin esifana nesifo sikashukela soHlobo 1, esibonakala ebudaleni futhi sibangelwa ukuzivikela komzimba (umzimba uzilimaza ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwamasosha omzimba).
• I-Maturity Onset Diabetes (MODY): Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela esifana nesifo sikashukela soHlobo 2 esibonakala sisebancane.
• I-Gestational Diabetes: Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela esiba khona ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

Ngaphandle kwalezi zinhlobo zesifo sikashukela esibalulwe ngenhla , i-pre-diabetes period, edume ngokuthi i-latent diabetes , yinkathi ngaphambi kokwakheka kwe -Type 2 diabetes, lapho ushukela uvame ukukhuphuka kancane ngaphandle kokuba uphezulu ngokwanele ukuze uhlole isifo sikashukela, futhi ukwakheka kwesifo sikashukela kungavinjelwa noma kwehliswe ngokwelashwa okufanele kanye nokudla yigama elinikeziwe. Izinhlobo ezimbili ezivame kakhulu zesifo sikashukela uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 kanye nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 .

Sixilongwa kanjani isifo sikashukela?

Izivivinyo ezimbili eziyisisekelo ezisetshenziswa ekuxilongeni isifo sikashukela ukukala ushukela wegazi lokuzila ukudla kanye ne-Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-sugar load test. Kubantu abanempilo, amazinga kashukela wegazi azila ukudla ahluka phakathi kuka-70-100 mg/Dl ngokwesilinganiso. Izinga likashukela egazini elizila ukudla elingaphezu kuka-126 mg/Dl lanele ukuxilonga isifo sikashukela. Uma leli nani liphakathi kuka-100-126 mg/Dl, ushukela wegazi wangemva kokudla uyaphenywa ngokusebenzisa i-OGTT kumuntu ngamunye. Njengomphumela wokulinganisa ushukela wegazi emahoreni ama-2 ngemuva kokuqala kokudla, izinga likashukela egazini elingaphezu kuka-200 mg/Dl liyinkomba yesifo sikashukela, kanti izinga likashukela egazini eliphakathi kuka-140-199 mg/Dl liyinkomba ye-prediabetes. isikhathi eside, esibizwa ngokuthi i-prediabetes. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kwe-HbA1C, okubonisa izinga likashukela wegazi cishe ezinyangeni ezi-3 ezedlule, elingaphezu kuka-7% kukhombisa ukutholakala kwesifo sikashukela.

Kufanele badle kanjani abanesifo sikashukela?

Abanesifo sikashukela bavame ukulandela ukudla okukhethekile. Ukudla kwesifo sikashukela noma ukudla okunomsoco wesifo sikashukela kusho ukudla ukudla okunempilo kakhulu ngamanani aphakathi nendawo futhi unamathele ezikhathini zokudla ezijwayelekile. Ukudla okunempilo okunomsoco ngokwemvelo kanye namafutha aphansi nama-calories kufanele kukhethwe ekudleni kweziguli ezinesifo sikashukela. Okuyisisekelo yizithelo nemifino kanye nokusanhlamvu. Eqinisweni, ukondliwa kwesifo sikashukela kungase kube enye yezinhlelo zokondleka okuhle kakhulu kubantu abaningi. Uma unesifo sikashukela noma i-prediabetes, udokotela wakho cishe uzoncoma ukuthi ubone udokotela wezokudla ukuze akusize uthuthukise uhlelo lokudla okunempilo. Lokhu kudla kungakusiza ukuthi ulawule ushukela wakho wegazi (ushukela), ulawule isisindo sakho, futhi ulawule izici eziyingozi zesifo senhliziyo njengomfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye namafutha aphezulu egazi. Ukulawula njalo kubalulekile kushukela. Ushukela udinga ukuhlolwa kwezempilo okuvamile njengoba kungase kubangele ezinye izifo eziningi. Akukhona nje kuphela ukudla okudlayo kodwa nokuhlolwa njalo kuyoba okubaluleke kakhulu ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela, njengoba kushiwo empendulweni yombuzo wokuthi kwenziwa kanjani ukuhlolwa.

Kungani ukudla kubalulekile ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela?

Uma udla ama-calories engeziwe namafutha, okungukuthi, ngaphezu kwezidingo zakho zekhalori zansuku zonke, umzimba wakho udala ukunyuka okungafuneki kukashukela egazini. Uma ushukela ungalawulwa, kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu ezifana namazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini (hyperglycemia), futhi uma lokhu kuqhubeka, kungabangela izinkinga zesikhathi eside ezifana nokulimala kwemizwa, izinso nenhliziyo. Ungasiza ukugcina amazinga kashukela egazini ebangeni eliphephile ngokukhetha ukudla okunempilo nokuqapha indlela odla ngayo. Kubantu abaningi abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ukwehlisa isisindo kungenza kube lula ukulawula ushukela osegazini futhi kunikeza ezinye izinzuzo zezempilo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kungase kudingeke ukuba uthole usizo ekuhlinzweni ukukhuluphala futhi usebenzise izindlela ezifana nebhaluni lesisu eligwinya nomkhono wesisu uma udokotela ebona kudingekile.

Yini Ushukela Ofihliwe?

Ushukela ofihliwe yigama elidumile phakathi komphakathi. Amazinga kashukela egazi lomuntu aphakeme kunalokho okufanele abe njalo, kodwa awekho ezingeni eliphezulu elingabhekwa njengesifo sikashukela. Amanani atholwe ngenxa yokuhlaziywa okwenziwa ezigulini ezinjalo awekho ebangeni elijwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, alikho phezulu ngokwanele ukutholakala ukuthi unesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Kulezi zimo, ukuxilongwa kwezokwelapha kwesifo sikashukela esiqulekile kwenziwa. Nakuba abanesifo sikashukela abaqulekile bengabhekwa njengabanesifo sikashukela, empeleni bangabantu abanesifo sikashukela. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo ezigulini ezitholakala zine-prediabetes njengoba ziseqenjini elisengozini enkulu.

Yiziphi izimpawu ze-Latent Diabetes?

Nakuba ukuhlonzwa kwesifo sikashukela esiqulekile kuhlolwa ngokubheka izindinganiso zendlala nokusutha, kunezizathu ezithile eziletha iziguli kulesi sigaba. Umehluko endleleni umuntu azizwa ngayo ungase uphakamise umbuzo wokuthi sikhona yini isifo sikashukela esicashile. Okuvame kakhulu kulo mehluko ukulamba nokudla ngokushesha. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi abanesifo sikashukela abaqulekile bakhombisa izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuthambekela kwabo ekubeni nesifo sikashukela. Ikakhulukazi ukungabekezelelani kwendlala nokungezwani komzimba kwenzeka ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela. Njengoba kungase kubonakale umehluko wokuzila ukudla kanye namazinga kashukela wegazi we-postprandial, ukungalingani kushukela wegazi kungenzeka ngezinkinga zokudla okumnandi. Noma singaziboni lezi zinkinga empilweni yethu yansuku zonke, zingasinika izimpawu ezincane. Futhi, izimo ezinjengokulala, ukukhathala nokuba buthakathaka ngemva kokudla kuyimininingwane engenzeka kunoma ubani. Kodwa uma kungenxa kashukela ofihliwe, nakanjani uzozizwa uhluke kancane. Uma uhlangabezana nalokhu kungaqiniseki noma ungaqiniseki, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela. Esinye sezibonakaliso eziqinisekile ze-prediabetes yilokhu buthakathaka nokulala. Ngemva kokudla, ukukhathala kuzwakala ngokuzumayo futhi ubuthongo buqala.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha isifo sikashukela?

Izindlela zokwelapha isifo sikashukela ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwesifo. Ohlotsheni lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1, ukwelashwa okufanele kwezokwelapha kufanele kusetshenziswe ngokucophelela kanye nokwelashwa kwe-insulin. Ukudla kwesiguli kuhlelwa nguchwepheshe wezokudla ngokomthamo we-insulin kanye nohlelo olutuswa udokotela. Impilo yabantu abanesifo sikashukela soHlobo loku-1 ingenziwa ibe lula kakhulu ngokubala ama-carbohydrate, lapho umthamo we-insulin ungashintshwa ngokwenani lama-carbohydrate aqukethwe ekudleni. Kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezilwa ne-antidiabetic zomlomo ukwandisa ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana ku-insulin hormone noma ukwandisa ngokuqondile ukukhululwa kwe-insulin hormone, ngaphezu kokuqinisekisa umbuso wokudla okunempilo.

Uma izinto okufanele zicatshangelwe ngesifo sikashukela kanye nezimiso zokwelashwa ezinconyiwe zingalandelwa, amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini aholela ezinkingeni eziningi zempilo, ikakhulukazi i-neuropathy (ukulimala kwezinzwa), i-nephropathy (ukulimala kwezinso) kanye ne-retinopathy (ukulimala kwe-eye retina). Ngakho-ke, uma ungumuntu onesifo sikashukela, ungakhohlwa ukuyohlolwa njalo.