Uyini Umdlavuza Womlomo Wesibeletho (Cervix)? Yiziphi izimpawu zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho?

Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho , noma umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho njengoba waziwa ngokwezokwelapha, kwenzeka kumaseli angaphansi kwesibeletho okuthiwa umlomo wesibeletho (intamo) futhi ungomunye wemidlavuza yezifo zabesifazane evame kakhulu emhlabeni. Iwuhlobo lwe-14 oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza kanye nohlobo lwesi-4 oluvame kakhulu olutholwa kwabesifazane.

Umlomo wesibeletho ingxenye yesibeletho emise okwentamo exhuma esithweni sangasese sowesifazane. Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-human papillomavirus (HPV), ezibanga izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi, ziyi-agent evame kakhulu yezinto eziphilayo zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho.

Kwabesifazane abaningi, uma bevezwe igciwane, amasosha omzimba avimbela ukuthi umzimba ungalinyazwa yigciwane. Kodwa eqenjini elincane labesifazane, leli gciwane liphila iminyaka. Lawa magciwane angaqala inqubo eyenza amanye amaseli angaphezulu komlomo wesibeletho abe amaseli omdlavuza.

Ziyini Izimpawu Zomdlavuza Womlomo Wesibeletho?

Uphawu oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ukopha esithweni sangasese sowesifazane. Ukopha esithweni sangasese sowesifazane kungenzeka ngaphandle kokuya esikhathini, ngemva kokuya ocansini, noma ngemva kokuya esikhathini.

Olunye uphawu oluvamile ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuya ocansini, okuchazwa ngokuthi i-dyspareunia. Ukukhipha isitho sangasese esiningi ngendlela engavamile kanye nokuphazamiseka kokuya esikhathini ngezinye zezimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho.

Ezigabeni ezithuthukile, i-anemia ingase ikhule ngenxa yokopha okungavamile esithweni sangasese futhi ingase yengezwe esithombeni sesifo. Ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo ngaphansi kwesisu, imilenze nangemuva kungase kuhambisane nezimpawu. Ngenxa yobuningi obakhiwe, ukuvinjwa kwendlela yomchamo kungase kwenzeke futhi kubangele izinkinga ezinjengobuhlungu lapho uchama noma ukuchama njalo.

Njengakweminye imidlavuza, ukuncipha kwesisindo okungahleliwe kungase kuhambisane nalezi zimpawu. Ukudlula komchamo noma indle kungenzeka ngenxa yokuxhumana okusha okwakheke esithweni sangasese. Lokhu kuxhumana phakathi kwesinye esivuzayo noma amathumbu amakhulu nesitho sangasese sowesifazane kubizwa ngokuthi ama-fistula.

Yiziphi izimpawu zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?

Izimpawu zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ziyefana nangaphambi kokukhulelwa. Kodwa-ke, umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ngokuvamile awubangeli izimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlolwa njalo kwabesifazane ukuze kutholakale umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho kusenesikhathi.

Izimpawu zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho yilezi:

• Ukopha kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane
• Ukukhipha isitho sangasese sowesifazane
• Ubuhlungu be-pelvic
• Izinkinga zomgudu womchamo

Uma usengozini yokuba nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ngesikhathi ukhulelwe, kufanele uthintane nodokotela wakho.

Umuthi Wokugoma Umdlavuza Womlomo wesibeletho

Umuthi wokugomela umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho uwumgomo ovikela umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho obangelwa igciwane elibizwa ngokuthi i-Human Papillomavirus (HPV). I-HPV igciwane elithathelwana ngocansi futhi lidala izinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza nezifo, njengomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho kanye nezinsumpa zangasese.

Awukho umkhawulo weminyaka ephezulu womgomo we-HPV, ohlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okukhulu kumdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Umgomo we-HPV unganikezwa bonke abesifazane kusukela eminyakeni eyi-9.

Ziyini Izimbangela Zomdlavuza Womlomo Wesibeletho?

Ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ku-DNA yamaseli anempilo kule ndawo kungashiwo ukuthi kuyimbangela yomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Amangqamuzana anempilo ahlukana ngomjikelezo othile, aqhubeke nokuphila kwawo, futhi lapho kufika isikhathi, athathelwa indawo amaseli amancane.

Ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo, lo mjikelezo wamaseli uyaphazamiseka futhi amaseli aqala ukwanda ngokungalawuleki. Ukwanda kwamaseli okungavamile kubangela ukwakheka kwezakhiwo ezibizwa ngokuthi uquqaba noma izimila. Lokhu kwakheka kubizwa ngokuthi umdlavuza uma kuyingozi, njengokukhula ngamandla nokuhlasela ezinye izakhiwo ezizungezile nezikude.

I-Human papillomavirus (HPV) itholakala cishe ku-99% womdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. I-HPV igciwane elithathelwana ngocansi futhi lidala izinsumpa endaweni yangasese. Kubhebhetheka phakathi kwabantu ngemva kokuthintana kwesikhumba ngesikhathi socansi lomlomo, lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane noma sangemuva.

Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwe-100 ze-HPV, eziningi zazo ezibhekwa njengengozi ephansi futhi aziwubangi umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Isibalo sezinhlobo ze-HPV ezitholakale zihlotshaniswa nomdlavuza zingu-20. Ngaphezu kwama-75% ezimo zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho zibangelwa i-HPV-16 ne-HPV-18, evame ukubizwa ngezinhlobo ze-HPV ezisengozini enkulu. Izinhlobo ze-HPV ezisengozini enkulu zingabangela ukungahambi kahle kwamangqamuzana omlomo wesibeletho noma umdlavuza.

Nokho, i-HPV akuyona ukuphela kwembangela yomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Iningi labesifazane abane-HPV abanawo umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Ezinye izici eziyingozi, njengokubhema, ukutheleleka nge-HIV, kanye neminyaka ekuqaleni kokuya ocansini, kwenza abesifazane abachayeke ku-HPV babe mathubeni amaningi okuba nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho.

Kumuntu omasosha akhe omzimba asebenza ngokujwayelekile, ukutheleleka nge-HPV kungaqedwa ngumzimba ngokwawo esikhathini esingangeminyaka emi-2. Abantu abaningi bafuna impendulo yombuzo othi "Ingabe umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho usakazeka?" Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, njengezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, ungahlukana nesimila bese usakazekela ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomzimba.

Yiziphi Izinhlobo Zomdlavuza Wesibeletho?

Ukwazi uhlobo lomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho kusiza udokotela wakho anqume ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lokwelashwa oludingayo. Kunezinhlobo ezi-2 eziyinhloko zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho: umdlavuza we-squamous cell kanye ne-adenocarcinoma. Lawa aqanjwa ngokohlobo lweseli elinomdlavuza.

Amaseli e-squamous angamaseli ayisicaba, afana nesikhumba amboza ingaphandle lomlomo wesibeletho. Ema-70 kuye kwangama-80 kuyo yonke i-100 yomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ingumdlavuza wamangqamuzana e-squamous.

I-Adenocarcinoma wuhlobo lomdlavuza oluvela kumaseli e-columnar gland akhiqiza amafinyila. Amaseli endlala ahlakazekile kuwo wonke umsele womlomo wesibeletho. I-Adenocarcinoma ayivamile kakhulu kunomdlavuza we-squamous cell; Nokho, kuye kwaba nokwanda kwemvamisa yokutholwa eminyakeni yamuva nje. Ngaphezu kwe-10% yabesifazane abanomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho bane-adenocarcinoma.

Uhlobo lwesithathu oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho umdlavuza we-adenosquamous futhi ubandakanya zombili izinhlobo zamaseli. Umdlavuza wamangqamuzana amancane awavamile. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, kunezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezingandile emlonyeni wesibeletho.

Yiziphi Izingozi Zomdlavuza Womlomo Wesibeletho?

Ziningi izinto eziyingozi ezihambisana nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho:

• Ukutheleleka nge-human papillomavirus (HPV) kuyisici esiyingozi kakhulu somdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho.
• Abesifazane ababhemayo banamathuba aphindwe kabili okuba nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho uma kuqhathaniswa nabangabhemi.
• Kubantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthaka, umzimba awanele ukubhubhisa izifo ze-HPV namaseli omdlavuza. Igciwane lesandulela ngculaza noma imithi ethile ekhinyabeza ukuzivikela komzimba kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ngenxa yemiphumela yawo ebuthakathaka ekuzivikelweni komzimba.
• Ngokocwaningo oluthile, ingozi yomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho itholakale iphezulu kwabesifazane ababonisa izimpawu zokutheleleka kwangaphambilini kwe-chlamydia ekuhlolweni kwegazi nasekuhlolweni kwamafinyila omlomo wesibeletho.
• Abesifazane abangazidli izithelo nemifino eyanele ekudleni kwabo bangase babe sengcupheni yomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho.
• Abesifazane abakhuluphele nabakhuluphele ngokweqile basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-adenocarcinoma yomlomo wesibeletho.
• Ukuba nomlando womndeni onomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho kungenye into eyingozi.
• I-DES umuthi wamahomoni onikezwa abanye besifazane phakathi kuka-1940 no-1971 ukuvimbela ukuphuphuma kwezisu. I-clear cell adenocarcinoma yesitho sangasese sowesifazane noma yomlomo wesibeletho itholakale yenzeka kaningi kunalokho okuvamile okulindelekile kwabesifazane omama babo abasebenzisa i-DES ngenkathi bekhulelwe.

Yiziphi Izindlela Zokuvimbela Umdlavuza Womlomo Wesibeletho?

Bangaphezu kuka-500 000 abantu abasha abatholakala benesifo somdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho minyaka yonke emhlabeni jikelele. Cishe izinkulungwane ezingama-250 zalaba besifazane ziyafa minyaka yonke ngenxa yalesi sifo. Ukwazi ukuthambekela komuntu kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lomdlavuza kungaba isimo esicindezelayo ngokomqondo nangokomzwelo, kodwa kungenzeka ukunciphisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza ngezindlela ezifanele zokuvimbela imidlavuza egwemeka.

Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ungomunye wemidlavuza embalwa ecishe igwemeke ngokuphelele. Ingxenye enkulu yokuvimbela umdlavuza ingafinyelelwa ngokugwema i-human papillomavirus yocansi. Isisekelo sokuvikela ukusetshenziswa kwamakhondomu nezinye izindlela zokuvimba.

Kunemithi yokugomela eyakhiwe ngokumelene nezinhlobo ze-HPV ethathwa njengehlotshaniswa nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Umuthi wokugoma uthathwa njengosebenza kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma usetshenziswa kusukela ekuqaleni kokuthomba kuya kuma-30s. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uneminyaka emingaki, kuyanconywa ukuthi ubonane nodokotela wakho futhi uthole ulwazi ngomgomo we-HPV.

Ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa okubizwa nge-pap smear kungasetshenziswa ukuvimbela umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ngaphambi kokuba ube khona. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap smear wukuhlolwa okubalulekile okusiza ukuthola ubukhona bamaseli avame ukuba nomdlavuza emlonyeni wesibeletho.

Ngesikhathi senqubo, amaseli akule ndawo ayakwenwa kancane bese kuthathwa isampula, bese ehlolwa elabhorethri ukuze kuphenywe amaseli angajwayelekile.

Kulokhu kuhlolwa, okungaphatheki kahle kodwa okuthatha isikhathi esifushane kakhulu, umsele wesitho sangasese sowesifazane uvulwa kusetshenziswa i-speculum, ngaleyo ndlela kube lula ukufinyelela emlonyeni wesibeletho. Amasampula eseli aqoqwa ngokukhuhla le ndawo kusetshenziswa amathuluzi ezokwelapha njengebhulashi noma i-spatula.

Ngaphandle kwalokhu, izindlela zokuzivikela ezinjengokugwema ukubhema, okwandisa amathuba okuba nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, ukudla ukudla okunothe ngezithelo nemifino, nokuqeda isisindo esiningi, nakho kunciphisa amathuba okuba nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho.

Uhlonzwa Kanjani Umdlavuza Womlomo Wesibeletho?

Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ungase ungabangeli ukukhononda okukhulu ezigulini esigabeni sawo sokuqala. Ngemva kokufaka isicelo kodokotela, izigaba zokuqala zendlela yokuxilonga zithatha umlando wezokwelapha wesiguli futhi zenze ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba.

Iminyaka yesiguli ekuqaleni kokuya ocansini, ukuthi ingabe izwa ubuhlungu ngesikhathi socansi, nokuthi ingabe ikhononda ngokopha ngemva kocansi kuyabuzwa.

Eminye imibuzo okufanele ibhekisiswe ihlanganisa ukuthi ngabe lowo muntu uke waba nesifo socansi phambilini, isibalo sabantu abathandana nabo ocansini, ukuthi ngabe i-HPV noma i-HIV ike yatholakala kumuntu phambilini, ukubhema ugwayi nokuthi ngabe uke wagonyelwa yini i-HPV, ukuya esikhathini. iphethini kanye nokukhula kokuphuma kwegazi okungavamile phakathi nalezi zikhathi .

Ukuhlolwa komzimba ukuhlola izingxenye zangaphandle nezangaphakathi zesitho sobulili somuntu. Ekuhlolweni kwendawo yangasese, ukutholakala kwezilonda ezisolisayo kuhlolwa.

Ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa komlomo wesibeletho ukuhlolwa kwe-pap smear cytology. Uma engekho amaseli angajwayelekile atholwa ekuhlolweni okulandela iqoqo lesampula, umphumela ungatolikwa njengovamile. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa engavamile ayibonisi ngempela ukuthi umuntu unomdlavuza. Amaseli angajwayelekile angahlelwa njenge-atypical, emnene, emaphakathi, ethuthukile, kanye ne-carcinoma in situ.

I-Carcinoma in situ (CIS) igama elivamile elisetshenziselwa isigaba sokuqala sezifo zomdlavuza. I-Cervical carcinoma in situ ichazwa njengesigaba 0 somdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. I-CIS umdlavuza otholakala kuphela phezu komlomo wesibeletho futhi usuqhubeke wajula.

Uma udokotela wakho esola umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho noma uma amaseli angavamile etholakala ekuhlolweni kokuhlolwa komlomo wesibeletho, uzo-oda ukuhlolwa okuthile ukuze axilongwe kabusha. I-Colposcopy iyithuluzi elivumela udokotela wakho ukuthi abhekisise umlomo wesibeletho. Ngokuvamile akubuhlungu, kodwa uma kudingeka i-biopsy ungase uzwe ubuhlungu:

Inaliti Biopsy

Kungase kudingeke ukuthi kuthathwe i-biopsy ngenaliti endaweni yoshintsho lapho amaseli omdlavuza namaseli avamile atholakala khona ukuze kuxilongwe.

I-Endocervical Curettage

Kuyinqubo yokuthatha isampula emlonyeni wesibeletho kusetshenziswa ithuluzi lezokwelapha elimise okwesipuni elibizwa ngokuthi i-curette kanye nelinye ithuluzi elifana nebhulashi.

Uma imiphumela esolisayo itholwa kumasampula athathwe nalezi zinqubo, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kungenziwa:

I-Cone Biopsy

Kule nqubo eyenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile, ingxenye encane efana ne-cone ikhishwa emlonyeni wesibeletho futhi ihlolwe elabhorethri. Kule nqubo, amasampula eseli angathathwa ezingxenyeni ezijulile zomlomo wesibeletho.

Uma umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho utholakala kumuntu ngemva kwalokhu kuhlolwa, lesi sifo singahlelwa ngokuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene kwe-radiological. I-X-ray, i-computed tomography (CT), i-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) kanye ne-positron emission tomography (PET) ziphakathi kokuhlolwa kwe-radiological okusetshenziselwa ukulinganisa umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho.

Izigaba Zomdlavuza Womlomo wesibeletho

Ukuhlelwa kwesiteji kwenziwa ngokwezinga lokusabalala komdlavuza. Izigaba zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho zakha isisekelo sokuhlela ukwelashwa futhi kunezigaba ezi-4 eziphelele zalesi sifo. Amazinga omdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho; Ihlukaniswe yaba ezine: isigaba 1, isigaba 2, isigaba 3 kanye nesigaba 4.

Isigaba 1 somdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho

Isakhiwo esakhiwe esigabeni soku-1 somdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho sisesincane ngosayizi, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi sesisabalele kuma-lymph nodes azungezile. Kulesi sigaba somdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, ukungakhululeki akubonakali kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Isigaba 2 somdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho

Izicubu zomdlavuza esigabeni sesibili sesifo sikhulu kancane kunesigaba sokuqala sesifo. Kungenzeka ukuthi isakazeke ngaphandle kwezitho zangasese kanye nama-lymph nodes, kodwa itholakala ngaphandle kokuqhubekela phambili.

Isigaba 3 somdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho

Kulesi sigaba somdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, lesi sifo sidlulela ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zesitho sangasese sowesifazane nangaphandle kwendawo yebele. Kuye ngokuqhubeka kwayo, ingase iqhubeke iphuma ezinso futhi ibangele ukuvinjelwa emgudwini womchamo. Ngaphandle kwalezi zingxenye, akukho ukungakhululeki kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Isigaba 4 Umdlavuza Womlomo wesibeletho

Kuyisigaba sokugcina sesifo lapho isifo sisakazeka khona (metastasizes) sisuka ezithweni zocansi siye kwezinye izitho ezifana namaphaphu, amathambo nesibindi.

Yiziphi Izindlela Zokwelapha Umdlavuza Womlomo Wesibeletho?

Isigaba somdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho siyisici esibaluleke kakhulu ekukhetheni ukwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izici, njengendawo eqondile yomdlavuza ngaphakathi komlomo wesibeletho, uhlobo lomdlavuza, iminyaka yakho, impilo yakho evamile, nokuthi uyafuna yini ukuba nezingane, nazo zithinta izindlela zokwelapha. Ukwelashwa komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho kungasetshenziswa njengendlela eyodwa noma njengenhlanganisela yezindlela zokwelapha ezimbalwa.

Kungase kwenziwe ukuhlinzwa ukuze kukhishwe umdlavuza. I-radiotherapy, i-chemotherapy, noma inhlanganisela yakho kokubili, i-radiochemotherapy, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezisetshenziswa kuye ngokuthi umdlavuza usezingeni kanye nesimo sesiguli.

Indlela yokwelapha esigabeni sokuqala somdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ukungenelela ngokuhlinzwa. Ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi inqubo okufanele yenziwe kungasuselwa kusayizi nesigaba somdlavuza nokuthi umuntu uyafuna yini ukukhulelwa esikhathini esizayo:

• Ukususa Kuphela Indawo Enomdlavuza

Ezigulini ezinomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ezincane kakhulu, kungase kwenzeke ukususa isakhiwo ngenqubo ye-cone biopsy. Ngaphandle kwezicubu zomlomo wesibeletho ezikhishwe ngendlela ye-cone, ezinye izindawo zomlomo wesibeletho azingeneleli. Lokhu kungenelela kokuhlinzwa kungase kukhethwe, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abafuna ukukhulelwa esikhathini esizayo, uma izinga lesifo sabo likuvumela.

• Ukususwa komlomo wesibeletho (Trachelectomy)

Inqubo yokuhlinzwa ebizwa ngokuthi i-radical trachelectomy ibhekisela ekukhishweni komlomo wesibeletho nezinye izicubu ezizungeze lesi sakhiwo. Ngemuva kwalolu hlelo, olungakhethwa ezigulini ezisanda kuzalwa ezinomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, umuntu angaphinde akhulelwe esikhathini esizayo ngoba akukho kungenelela esibelethweni.

• Ukususwa Kwesibeletho Nezicubu Zesibeletho (Hysterectomy)

Enye indlela yokuhlinzwa ekhethwa kakhulu ezigulini ezinomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ezisesigabeni sokuqala ukuhlinzwa kwe-hysterectomy. Ngalokhu kuhlinzwa, ngaphezu kwesifunda somlomo wesibeletho wesiguli, isibeletho (isibeletho) nesitho sangasese sowesifazane, ama-lymph nodes azungezile nawo ayasuswa.

Nge-hysterectomy, umuntu angakwazi ukuqeda lesi sifo ngokuphelele futhi ithuba lokuphindaphinda kwalo liqedwa, kodwa njengoba izitho zokuzala zisusiwe, akunakwenzeka ukuba umuntu akhulelwe esikhathini sokuhlinzwa.

Ngaphezu kokungenelela kokuhlinzwa, ukwelapha ngemisebe esebenzisa imisebe enamandla kakhulu (i-radiotherapy) kungase kusetshenziswe kwezinye iziguli. I-radiotherapy ngokuvamile isetshenziswa kanye ne-chemotherapy, ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezinomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ezisesigabeni esithuthukile.

Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zingasetshenziswa futhi ukunciphisa ingozi yokuphinda isifo kwezinye iziguli uma kutholakala ukuthi maningi amathuba okuba siphinde siphinde.

Ngenxa yokulimala kwamangqamuzana okuzala namaqanda ngemva kokwelashwa nge-radiotherapy, umuntu angase adlule ekunqamukeni kokuya esikhathini ngemva kokwelashwa. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abesifazane abafuna ukukhulelwa esikhathini esizayo kufanele bathintane nodokotela babo mayelana nokuthi amangqamuzana abo okuzala angagcinwa kanjani ngaphandle komzimba.

I-Chemotherapy iyindlela yokwelapha ehlose ukuqeda amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngokusebenzisa izidakamizwa zamakhemikhali ezinamandla. Imithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali inganikezwa umuntu ngomlomo noma ngomjovo. Ezimeni zomdlavuza ezithuthukile, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali okuhlanganiswe ne-radiotherapy kungase kwenyuse ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa okufakwayo.

Ngaphandle kwalezi zinqubo, imishanguzo ehlukahlukene ingasetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwendawo yokwelapha okuhlosiwe ngokudalula izici ezihlukahlukene zamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Kuyindlela yokwelapha engasetshenziswa kanye ne-chemotherapy ezigulini ezithuthukile zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho.

Ngaphandle kwalokhu kwelashwa, ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa okuqinisa impi yomuntu yokulwa nomdlavuza ngokushukumisa amasosha akhe omzimba kubizwa ngokuthi i-immunotherapy. Amangqamuzana omdlavuza angenza angabonakali esimisweni somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni ngokusebenzisa amaprotheni ahlukahlukene awakhiqizayo.

Ikakhulukazi ezigabeni ezithuthukisiwe kanye nabantu abangazange baphendule kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha, i-immunotherapy ingasiza ekutholeni futhi iqede amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngamasosha omzimba.

Izinga lokusinda leminyaka engu-5 leziguli ezinomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ezitholwe ezigabeni zokuqala zingama-92% ngemva kokwelashwa okufanele. Ngakho-ke, uma ubona izimpawu zalesi sifo, kutuswa ukuthi uxhumane nezikhungo zezempilo futhi uthole ukwesekwa.

Ungawuhlolela Kanjani Umdlavuza Womlomo Wesibeletho?

Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ukuhlola okwenziwa ukuthola izinguquko ezingavamile zamaseli emlonyeni wesibeletho noma ukutheleleka nge-HPV kusenesikhathi. I-Pap smear (i-Pap swab test) kanye ne-HPV ukuhlola okuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Ngabe umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ubonakala uneminyaka emingaki?

Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho uvamise ukuvela ngeminyaka yama-30s nama-40s. Nokho, lesi akusona isimo esiqondile. Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza lungenzeka kunoma yisiphi isikhathi. Iminyaka engama-30s kanye neyokuqala yama-60s ibhekwa njengesikhathi esiyingozi kakhulu. Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho awuvamile kakhulu kwabesifazane abasebasha, kodwa ezimweni ezingavamile kwenzeka nakwabancane.

Ingabe Umdlavuza Womlomo Wesibeletho Ungalashwa?

Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ungenye yezinhlobo zomdlavuza ezingelapheka. Uhlelo lokwelapha ngokuvamile luncike esigabeni somdlavuza, ubukhulu bawo, indawo, kanye nesimo sempilo jikelele sesiguli. Ukwelashwa komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho; Kuhlanganisa ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa nge-radiotherapy, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, noma inhlanganisela yalokhu.

Ingabe Umdlavuza Womlomo Wesibeletho Uyabulala?

Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho wuhlobo lomdlavuza oselaphekayo uma utholwa futhi welashwa ekuqaleni. Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwezifo zabesifazane kanye nokuhlolwa komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho kwandisa amathuba okuthola izinguquko ezingavamile zamangqamuzana noma umdlavuza kusenesikhathi. Kodwa umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho uwuhlobo olubulalayo lomdlavuza.

Yini Ebangela Umdlavuza Womlomo Wesibeletho?

Imbangela enkulu yomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ukutheleleka okubangelwa igciwane elibizwa ngokuthi i-Human Papillomavirus (HPV). I-HPV igciwane elithathelwana ngocansi. Kwezinye izimo, umzimba ungasula ukutheleleka nge-HPV ngokwawo futhi ukuqede ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi izimpawu.