Uyini Umdlavuza Wesinye? Yiziphi izimpawu zomdlavuza wesinye?

Umdlavuza wesinye, okuwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza ohlelweni lomchamo ngemva komdlavuza wendlala yesinye, uvame ngokuphindwe ka-4 kwabesilisa kunakwabesifazane.

Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza, oluvame kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-40 ubudala, lubonakala nasebudaleni obuphansi kakhulu emazweni lapho kuvame ukubhema.

Kusho Ukuthini Isinye?

Isinye, esaziwa nangokuthi isinye somchamo noma esinyeni somchamo, sitholakala engxenyeni engezansi yesisu futhi iyisitho esiyindilinga lapho umchamo unqwabelana khona.

Udonga lwesinye luqukethe imicu yemisipha ehlangene futhi engajwayelekile enesakhiwo esinwebekayo.

Isinye, esifana nebhaluni elincane, singakhula njengoba umchamo unqwabelana, ngenxa yemicu yemisipha equkethe.

Izinso zisebenzisa imigudu emincane ebizwa ngokuthi ama-ureters ukukhipha ubuthi emzimbeni ngemva kokuhlanza egazini.

Umchamo ufika esinyeni ngamashaneli amancane futhi ugcinwe lapho uze ukhishwe ngaphandle komzimba. Uma umthamo waso usugcwele, esinyeni sikhipha umchamo emzimbeni ngombhobho we-urethra.

Uyini Umdlavuza Wesinye?

Umdlavuza wesinye uhlobo lomdlavuza ovela ngenxa yokukhula okungalawuleki kwamangqamuzana esinye.

Isinye yisitho lapho umchamo ugcinwa khona futhi uphume. Umdlavuza wesinye uvame ukuqala ongqimbeni lwangaphakathi lodonga lwesinye bese udlulela kwezinye izingqimba zesinye kanye nezicubu ezizungezile.

Izimpawu zomdlavuza wesinye zihlanganisa;

• Ukulangazelela njalo ukuchama,
• Ukushiswa noma ukuluma lapho uchama,
• Umchamo onegazi,
• Izimpawu ezifana nokutheleleka njalo emchameni ziyatholakala.

Nokho, lezi zimpawu zingase futhi zihlotshaniswe nezinye izinkinga zempilo. Ngakho-ke, uma kwenzeka izinsolo zomdlavuza wesinye, kuyadingeka ukubonana nodokotela kuqala.

Izinso, ezitholakala ngemuva kwesifunda sesisu somzimba, zitholakala ngokulinganayo ngakwesokudla nakwesobunxele engxenyeni engenhla yekhalo.

Umuntu ophile kahle unezinso ezi-2. Izinso ezingakwesokudla ziseduze kwesibindi kanye ne-duodenum ngaphambili, izindlala ze-adrenal ngaphezulu, kanye nomathumbu omkhulu ngezansi.

Izinso zesokunxele zincikene nesisu namathumbu amancane ngaphambili, kanye nezindlala ze-adrenal, ubende namanyikwe phezulu. Izinso zihlunga umchamo ngemigudu emincane bese ziwuthumela esinyeni.

Yiziphi izimpawu zomdlavuza wesinye?

Izimpawu zomdlavuza wesinye zingenzeka ezimeni eziningi ezahlukene. Izimpawu ezaziwayo zomdlavuza wesinye yilezi:

• Ukuzwa ubunzima ngesikhathi sokuchama.
• Ukwanda okungazelelwe noma ukuncipha kwemvamisa yokuchama.
• Ukugeleza komchamo ngezikhathi ezithile ngenkathi uchama.
• Ukuchama okubuhlungu nobuhlungu ngaphansi kwesisu.
• Ubuhlungu endaweni ye-pelvic.
• Ukuzwa ukungakwazi ukukhululeka ngenkathi uchama.
• Ukuba nomuzwa obeleselayo ngenkathi uchama.
• Umlilo,
• Ubuthakathaka,
• Izimpawu ezinjengokuncipha kwesisindo ziyizimpawu ezingase zenzeke ezigabeni ezithuthukile zomdlavuza.

Uphawu oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wesinye yigazi emchameni. Lokhu kopha, okubizwa ngokuthi i-hematuria, kungase kube uphawu lokulimala kwesinye.

Isibonakaliso sokuphuma kwegazi emcinini, esingahambelani nobuhlungu, asiqhubeki futhi singase siqhubeke ngezikhathi ezithile.

Ngaphezu kwalolu phawu, izimpawu ezinjengokuchama kanzima, amahlule egazi emchameni, nokuzwa ukushisa lapho uchama kungase kube izimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza wesinye.

Zonke lezi zimpawu ziphakathi kwezimpawu ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza wesinye. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lezi zimpawu zingase zidalwa izinkinga ezahlukene zempilo.

Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukubonana nodokotela ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okufanele nokwelashwa.

Yiziphi Izigaba Zomdlavuza Wesinye?

Izigaba zomdlavuza wesinye ziwuhlelo lokuhlukanisa olusetshenziselwa ukunquma izinga lokusabalala komdlavuza kanye nezinketho zokwelapha.

Isiteji sinquma ukuthi umdlavuza usuhambe kangakanani nokuthi ususabalele kangakanani ezicutshini ezizungezile.

Izigaba zomdlavuza wesinye yilezi:

Isigaba 0: Amaseli omdlavuza atholakala kuphela phezu kwesinye futhi anqunyelwe ungqimba lwangaphakathi lwesinye. Kulesi sigaba, umdlavuza awukasabalali odongeni lwesinye.

Isigaba 1: Umdlavuza ususabalele ujula kunongqimba lwangaphakathi lodonga lwesinye, kodwa usakazeke kuphela ongqimbeni lwemisipha yesinye. Ayikasakazeki kuma-lymph nodes angomakhelwane noma kwezinye izitho.

Isiteji sesi-2: Umdlavuza ususabalele waya noma ngale kongqimba lwemisipha yesinye. Kodwa ayikasakazeki kuma-lymph nodes angomakhelwane noma kwezinye izitho.

Isiteji sesi-3: Umdlavuza ususabalele ngale kodonga lwesinye uye ezicutshini ezizungezile noma ama-lymph nodes. Kodwa umdlavuza usavalelwe ezithweni eziseduze ezifana nezindonga ze-pelvic, i-prostate, isibeletho noma isitho sangasese sowesifazane.

Isigaba 4: Kulesi sigaba, umdlavuza ususabalele ngaphandle kwesinye futhi usumetastasized ezithweni ezikude noma ama-lymph nodes.

Ingqamuzana lomdlavuza likulesi sigaba; Isabalele emathanjeni, emaphashini, esibindini noma kwezinye izitho ezikude.

Isiteji somdlavuza sidlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni izindlela zokwelapha ngokuhlola izinga lokusabalala kwesifo.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza okhona; Kuyahlukahluka kuye ngesiteji nohlobo lomdlavuza, isimo sempilo jikelele yesiguli nezinye izici.

Izimpawu Zomdlavuza Wesinye Isigaba 1

Esigabeni 1 somdlavuza wesinye, amaseli omdlavuza anqunyelwe ungqimba lwangaphakathi lodonga lwesinye. Ngakho-ke, ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu zingase zingabonakali. Ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu, lezi zimpawu zingase zidalwe ezinye izinkinga zesinye.

Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zomdlavuza wesinye Isigaba 1 zimi kanje:

• Ukushiswa noma ukuluma lapho uchama
• Umchamo onegazi
• Ukuchama njalo
• Ukutheleleka njalo emchameni
• Ubunzima bokuchama

Lezi zimpawu ziyizimpawu ezingabonakala esigabeni sokuqala somdlavuza wesinye. Nokho, akulungile ukuhlobanisa lezi zimpawu nomdlavuza wesinye kuphela.

Lezi zimpawu zingase zenzeke ngenxa yezinkinga ezahlukene zempilo. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukubonana nodokotela ukuze uthole imbangela yezimpawu.

Yini Elungele Umdlavuza Wesinye?

Akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile komdlavuza wesinye. Kodwa kulesi sigaba, indlela yokuphila enempilo kanye nemikhuba ethile yokudla okunempilo kusiza ukuvimbela nokwelapha umdlavuza.

Izimpendulo ezilandelayo zinganikezwa embuzweni wokuthi yini enhle ngomdlavuza wesinye:

Ukuzivocavoca Okujwayelekile

Ukuvivinya umzimba njalo kuvikela impilo evamile futhi kunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza.

Ukudla okulinganiselayo

Ukudla okunothe ngemisoco efana nemifino, izithelo, okusanhlamvu, namafutha anempilo kungenye yezindlela ezingavikela umzimba emdlavuzeni.

Ukugwema Ukubhema Nokuphuza Utshwala

Ukubhema kanye nokuphuza ngokweqile kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesinye. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi ungabhemi futhi unciphise ukuphuza utshwala.

Ukusetshenziswa Amanzi

Ukuphuza amanzi anele kunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesinye. Ihlanza umgudu womchamo futhi isiza ukususa izinto eziyingozi emzimbeni.

Udokotela Uyahlola

Ukuhlolwa njalo kodokotela kanye nokuhlolwa komdlavuza kwandisa amathuba okuxilongwa kusenesikhathi nokwelashwa.

Ukulawula Ukucindezeleka

Ukufunda nokwenza amasu afanele okubhekana nokucindezeleka kuthuthukisa impilo yomuntu iyonke futhi kunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza.

Ukwelashwa lapho kutholakala umdlavuza wesinye; Kuhlanganisa izindlela ezifana nokungenelela kokuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy, i-radiotherapy kanye ne-immunotherapy.

Kodwa-ke, ngaphezu kwalokhu kwelashwa, kubalulekile ukwamukela indlela yokuphila enempilo futhi unake imikhuba yokudla.

Yini I-Tumor Yesinye?

Isimila esinyeni, esikhula ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokwanda okulawulwayo kwamangqamuzana engxenyeni engaphakathi yesinye, kubangela ukuba kube nenqwaba esinyeni somchamo. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zomdlavuza wesinye;

• I-Uropithelial carcinoma: Iwuhlobo lomdlavuza obonakala kumaseli agudle udonga lwesinye.
• I-squamous epithelial cell carcinoma: Iwuhlobo lomdlavuza ovela kumaseli e-squamous epithelial esinyeni achayeka ekuthelelekeni isikhathi eside noma ukucasuka.
• I-Adenocarcinoma: Iwuhlobo lomdlavuza obonakala kumaseli ayimfihlo esinyeni. Kwenzeka ngenxa yokwanda okungavamile kwamangqamuzana abhekene namafinyila odongeni lwesinye.

Ziyini Izimbangela Zomdlavuza Wesinye?

Izimbangela ezimbili ezibalulekile zomdlavuza wesinye ukubhema kanye nokuchayeka kumakhemikhali.

Amakhemikhali akugwayi angena emgudwini wegazi, ahlungwe ngezinso, futhi athathe indawo yawo emchameni onqwabelene esinyeni.

Lezi zinto ziphazamisa ukwakheka kwamaseli lapha futhi zandisa ingozi yomdlavuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifo zesinye kanye nezidakamizwa ze-chemotherapy nazo zingandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesinye.

Utholakala Kanjani Umdlavuza Wesinye?

Lapho ukopha komchamo, kusolwa umdlavuza wesinye futhi imbangela yokopha inqunywa ngokuyinhloko ngezindlela zokuthwebula izithombe.

Indlela ephumelela kakhulu ekutholeni ukuxilongwa komdlavuza wesinye i-cystoscopy.

Kuyenzeka futhi ukuthi kuthathwe amasampula esicucu esisolisayo ngendlela ye-cystoscopy, lapho ingaphakathi lesinye libonwa ngeso lengqondo ngethuluzi elikhanyayo elincanyana elisetshenziswa emgudwini womchamo.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, noma yiziphi izakhiwo zesimila esinyeni zingahlanzwa phakathi nale nqubo.

Welashwa Kanjani Umdlavuza Wesinye?

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesinye kwenziwa ngokuya ngesigaba sesifo, ubukhulu kanye nohlobo lwesimila.

Amaseli omdlavuza wezinga eliphansi akhiwe phezu kodonga lwesinye angasuswa nge-TUR (ukususwa kwesimila ngendlela evaliwe) kuhlanganiswe ne-cystoscopy.

Kubalulekile ukulandela le nqubo ngezikhathi ezivamile ngemva kwalokho. Imithi ingabuye inikezwe izicubu zesimila ezisezingeni eliphezulu ngesikhathi senqubo ye-TUR.

Ekwelapheni umdlavuza odlulela esicutshini kodwa ungasabaleli kwezinye izicubu, kuyadingeka ukukhishwa kwesinye.

Ngale nqubo, ebizwa ngokuthi i-radical cystectomy, esinyeni, ama-lymph nodes azungezile kanye ne-prostate kuyasuswa.

Isinye esisha senziwa kusetshenziswa amathumbu amancane ukugcina umchamo. I-radiotherapy kanye nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kuyenziwa kwezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza wesinye.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Ngomdlavuza Wesinye

Yiziphi Izingozi Zomdlavuza Wesinye?

Izici eziyingozi zomdlavuza wesinye zihlanganisa; Ukubhema, ukuguga, ubulili besilisa, ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali, umlando womndeni onomdlavuza wesinye, izifo ezingelapheki zomgudu womchamo, imithi ethile, nokwelashwa ngemisebe kugqame kakhulu.

Kwenziwa Kanjani Ukuhlinzwa Komdlavuza Wesinye?

Ukuhlinza umdlavuza wesinye kwenziwa ngezindlela ezifana ne-transurethral resection (TUR), partial cystectomy, kanye ne-radical cystectomy. Uhlobo lokuhlinzwa lunqunywa isigaba somdlavuza kanye nesimo sempilo yomuntu. Ukuvuselelwa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kanye nokwelashwa kokulandelela nakho kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ingabe Umdlavuza Wesinye Uyabulala?

Umdlavuza wesinye isifo kwesinye isikhathi esilaphekayo ngokuhlonzwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okufanele. Nokho, lolu hlobo lomdlavuza lungabulala uma utholakala usezigabeni ezithuthukile noma uyekwa ungelashiwe. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kwandisa kakhulu amathuba okusinda.

Yiziphi izimpawu zomdlavuza wesinye kwabesifazane?

Izimpawu zomdlavuza wesinye kwabesifazane ziyefana nalezo emadodeni. Phakathi kwalezi zimpawu; Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuchama njalo, ukuvutha noma ubuhlungu lapho uchama, umchamo onegazi, izifo ezivamile emchameni, ubunzima bokuchama, nobuhlungu endaweni ye-pelvic.