Siyini isifo se-ALS? Izimpawu kanye nenqubo

Siyini isifo se-ALS? Izimpawu kanye nenqubo
I-Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, noma i-ALS, iyiqembu elingavamile lezifo zemizwa ezibangelwa ngokuyinhloko ekulimaleni kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa anomthwalo wokulawula ukunyakaza kwemisipha ngokuzithandela. Imisipha yokuzithandela inesibopho sokunyakaza okufana nokuhlafuna, ukuhamba nokukhuluma.

Siyini isifo se-ALS?

I-Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, noma i-ALS, iyiqembu elingavamile lezifo zemizwa ezibangelwa ngokuyinhloko ekulimaleni kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa anomthwalo wokulawula ukunyakaza kwemisipha ngokuzithandela. Imisipha yokuzithandela inesibopho sokunyakaza okufana nokuhlafuna, ukuhamba nokukhuluma. Isifo se-ALS siyathuthuka futhi izimpawu zivame ukuba zimbi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Namuhla, azikho izindlela zokwelapha zokumisa ukuqhubeka kwe-ALS noma ukunikeza ikhambi eliphelele, kodwa ucwaningo ngale ndaba lusaqhubeka.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-ALS?

Izimpawu zokuqala ze-ALS zizibonakalisa ngendlela ehlukile ezigulini ezihlukene. Nakuba umuntu oyedwa engase abe nobunzima bokubamba ipeni noma inkomishi yekhofi, omunye angase abe nenkinga yokukhuluma. I-ALS yisifo esivame ukukhula kancane kancane.

Izinga lokuqhubeka kwalesi sifo liyahlukahluka kuye ngesiguli. Nakuba isilinganiso sesikhathi sokusinda seziguli ze-ALS siyiminyaka emi-3 kuya kwemi-5, iziguli eziningi zingaphila iminyaka eyishumi noma ngaphezulu.

Izimpawu zokuqala ezivame kakhulu ku-ALS yilezi:

  • Ukukhubeka ngenkathi uhamba,
  • Ubunzima bokuthwala izinto,
  • Ukukhubazeka kwenkulumo,
  • Izinkinga zokugwinya,
  • Amajaqamba nokuqina kwemisipha,
  • Ubunzima bokugcina ikhanda liqondile bungabhalwa kanje.

I-ALS ekuqaleni ingase ithinte isandla esisodwa kuphela. Noma ungase ube nenkinga ngomlenze owodwa nje, okwenza kube nzima ukuhamba ngomugqa oqondile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, cishe yonke imisipha oyilawulayo ithintwa yilesi sifo. Ezinye izitho, njengenhliziyo nemisipha yesinye, zihlala ziphilile ngokuphelele.

Njengoba i-ALS iba yimbi, izicubu eziningi ziqala ukubonisa izimpawu zalesi sifo. Izimpawu eziphambili zalesi sifo zihlanganisa:

  • Ubuthakathaka obukhulu emisipha,
  • Ukuncipha kwesisindo somzimba,
  • Kunezimpawu ezinjengokwanda kwezinkinga zokuhlafuna nokugwinya.

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-ALS?

Lesi sifo sitholakala kubazali ku-5 kuya ku-10% ezimweni, kanti kwezinye azitholakali imbangela. Izimbangela ezingenzeka kuleli qembu leziguli:

Ukuguqulwa kofuzo . Ukuguqulwa kofuzo okuhlukahlukene kungaholela ku-ALS yofuzo, okubangela izimpawu ezicishe zifane nefomu elingelona ifa.

Ukungalingani kwamakhemikhali . Amazinga anda e-glutamate, atholakala ebuchosheni futhi asebenza ukuze athwale imilayezo yamakhemikhali, atholwe kubantu abane-ALS. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-glutamate eyeqile idala umonakalo kumangqamuzana ezinzwa.

I-Dysregulated immune reaction . Ngezinye izikhathi isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni singahlasela amangqamuzana avamile omzimba wakhe, okuholela ekufeni kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa.

Ukunqwabelana okungavamile kwamaprotheni . Izinhlobo ezingavamile zamaprotheni athile kumangqamuzana ezinzwa kancane kancane anqwabelana ngaphakathi kwengqamuzana futhi alimaze amangqamuzana.


Itholakala kanjani i-ALS?

Lesi sifo kunzima ukusixilonga ezigabeni zokuqala; ngoba izimpawu zingalingisa ezinye izifo zemizwa. Okunye ukuhlola okusetshenziselwa ukukhipha ezinye izimo:

  • I-Electromyogram (EMG)
  • Ucwaningo lokuqhuba izinzwa
  • I-Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
  • Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo
  • I-Lumbar puncture (inqubo yokukhipha uketshezi entanjeni yomgogodla ngokufaka inaliti okhalweni)
  • I-muscle biopsy

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-ALS?

Ukwelashwa akukwazi ukulungisa umonakalo owenziwe yisifo; kodwa kunganciphisa ukuqhubeka kwezimpawu, kuvimbele izinkinga, futhi kwenze isiguli sikhululeke futhi sizimele Ukwelashwa kudinga ithimba elididiyelwe lodokotela nabasebenzi bezokwelapha abaqeqeshwe ezindaweni eziningi. Lokhu kungakwandisa ukusinda kwakho futhi kuthuthukise izinga lakho lempilo. Izindlela ezifana nemithi ehlukahlukene, ukwelapha ngokomzimba nokuvuselelwa, ukwelapha ngenkulumo, izithasiselo zokudla okunomsoco, ukwesekwa kwengqondo nokwezenhlalo kusetshenziswa ekwelashweni.

Kunemithi emibili ehlukene, i-Riluzole ne-Edaravone, egunyazwe yi-FDA yokwelapha i-ALS. I-Riluzole ibambezela ukuqhubeka kwesifo kwabanye abantu. Ifinyelela lo mphumela ngokunciphisa amazinga esithunywa samakhemikhali esibizwa ngokuthi i-glutamate, evame ukutholakala emazingeni aphezulu ebuchosheni babantu abane-ALS. I-Riluzole umuthi ophuzwa ngomlomo uyiphilisi. I-Edaravone inikezwa isiguli ngomthambo futhi ingase ibangele imiphumela emibi kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwale mithi emibili, udokotela wakho angase atuse imithi ehlukene ukuze akhulule izimpawu ezinjengokuqina kwemisipha, ukuqunjelwa, ukukhathala, ukuqunjelwa amathe ngokweqile, izinkinga zokulala nokucindezeleka.