ZUKuyini ukukhubazeka kokufunda?
Ukukhubazeka kokufunda ; Ubunzima bokusebenzisa amakhono okulalela, ukukhuluma, ukufunda, ukubhala, ukucabanga, ukuxazulula izinkinga noma izibalo. Kuphinde kubangele ukuthi umuntu abe nobunzima bokugcina, ukucubungula kanye nokukhiqiza ulwazi. Nakuba kubonakala kaningi ezinganeni, ukukhubazeka ekufundeni kubonakala nakubantu abadala. Kwezinye izimo, kungase kungabonakali ukuthi umuntu unokukhubazeka kokufunda noma cha, futhi umuntu angaphila ukuphila kwakhe nakho.
Izimpawu zokukhubazeka kokufunda
Izimpawu zasenkulisa:
- Ukubambezeleka okukhulu kokuqala ukukhuluma,
- Ubunzima noma ukunensa ekubizeni amagama nokufunda amagama amasha,
- Ukunensa ekuthuthukisweni kokunyakaza kwezimoto (isb., ubunzima bokubopha izicathulo noma ukucisha izinkinobho, ubuhlalu)
Izimpawu zesikole samabanga aphansi:
- Kunzima ukufunda ukufunda, ukubhala nezinombolo,
- Izimpawu zezibalo ezididayo (isb. "+" esikhundleni sika-"x"),
- Ukufunda amagama emuva (isb. "kanye" esikhundleni sokuthi "indlu")
- Ukwenqaba ukufunda ngokuzwakalayo nokubhala,
- Isikhathi sokufunda esinzima,
- Ukungakwazi ukuhlukanisa imiqondo yokuqondisa (kwesokudla-kwesokunxele, enyakatho-eningizimu),
- Ukunensa ekufundeni amakhono amasha,
- Ubunzima bokwenza abangane,
- Ungakhohlwa umsebenzi wakho wesikole,
- Angazi ukuthi kufanele kusebenze kanjani,
- Ubunzima bokuqonda isimo sobuso nokunyakaza komzimba.
- Yonke ingane enokukhubazeka ekufundeni ihlukile futhi ayinazo izici ezifanayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kuyadingeka ukuze kuhlonzwe izici futhi kwenziwe ukuxilongwa.
Yini ebangela ukukhubazeka kokufunda?
Nakuba imbangela yokukhubazeka kokufunda ingaziwa ngokuqinisekile, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ihlobene nokuhluka kokusebenza kwesakhiwo sobuchopho. Lo mehluko ungowokuzalwa futhi uwufuzo. Uma abazali benomlando ofanayo noma uma enye yezingane zakubo inokukhubazeka ekufundeni, amathuba okuba enye ingane nawo anda. Kwezinye izimo, inkinga eyenzeka ngaphambi noma ngemva kokuzalwa (njengokusebenzisa utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo, ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma isisindo esiphansi) kungase kube isici ekukhubazekeni kokufunda. Akufanele kukhohlwe ukuthi ubunzima bezomnotho, izici zemvelo noma ukuhlukana kwamasiko akubangeli ubunzima bokufunda.
Ukuxilongwa kokukhubazeka kokufunda
Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kwenziwa uchwepheshe, ecabangela umlando wokuzalwa wengane, izici zokukhula, ukusebenza kwesikole kanye nezici zezenhlalo namasiko zomndeni. Itholakala ngaphansi kwegama elithi Specific Learning Disorder ku-DSM 5, elishicilelwe yi-American Psychiatric Association futhi liwumthombo wokunquma indlela yokuxilonga. Ngokwezinqubo zokuxilonga, ubunzima bokufunda nokusebenzisa amakhono esikole, njengoba kuboniswa ukuba khona okungenani kwezimpawu ezilandelayo, kumele kuqhubeke okungenani izinyanga ezingu-6 naphezu kokungenelela okudingekayo;
- Ukufunda amagama ngokungalungile noma kancane kakhulu futhi kudinga umzamo,
- Ubunzima bokuqonda incazelo yalokho okufundwayo,
- Ubunzima bokukhuluma nokubhala incwadi ngencwadi,
- Izinkinga zenkulumo ebhaliwe,
- Ukubona izinombolo, amaqiniso ezinombolo, noma ubunzima bokubala
- Izinkinga zokucabanga ngezinombolo.
Ukukhubazeka Ukufunda Okuthize; Ihlukaniswe yaba ama-subtypes amathathu: ukuphazamiseka kokufunda (dyslexia), ukuphazamiseka kwezibalo (dyscalculia) kanye nokuphazamiseka kokukhuluma okubhaliwe (dysgraphia). Izinhlobo ezincane zingavela ndawonye noma ngokwehlukana.
Kwelashwa kanjani ukukhubazeka kokufunda?
Isinyathelo sokuqala lapho uqala ukwelashwa i-psycho-mfundo. Ukwelashwa kwezemfundo emndenini, othisha kanye nengane kubaluleke kakhulu mayelana nokwenza umqondo wesimo nokunquma ukuthi iyiphi indlela okufanele ilandelwe. Esikhathini esilandelayo, kufanele kulungiselelwe uhlelo olukhethekile lwemfundo nokungenelela oluzoqhubeka ngesikhathi esisodwa ekhaya nasesikoleni.
Kufanele kukhulunywe kanjani ngengane enokukhubazeka ekufundeni ekhaya?
Zonke izingane zidinga uthando, ukusekelwa nokukhuthazwa. Izingane ezinokukhubazeka ekufundeni zidinga konke lokhu okwengeziwe. Njengabazali, umgomo oyinhloko akufanele kube ukwelapha ukukhubazeka kokufunda, kodwa ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zabo zenhlalo nezomzwelo lapho bebhekene nobunzima abazobhekana nabo. Ukugxila ekuziphatheni okuhle kwengane ekhaya kuyasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukuzethemba kwayo. Ngakho, ingane ifunda indlela yokubhekana nezimo ezinzima, iba namandla futhi ukukhuthazela kwayo kwanda. Izingane zifunda ngokubona nokumodela. Izimo zengqondo ezinhle zabazali kanye nomuzwa wokuhleka kushintsha umbono wengane futhi kumsize enqubweni yokwelapha.
Kufanele kukhulunywe kanjani ngengane ekhubazekile esikoleni?
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubambisana nokuxhumana nesikole. Ngale ndlela, kuyaqinisekiswa ukuthi othisha bayamazi umntwana futhi benze ngokwezidingo zabo. Ingane ngayinye inezindawo ezihlukene zempumelelo noma ubunzima. Lo mehluko uzibonakalisa ezindaweni ezibonwayo, ezizwakalayo, ezithintayo noma ezithinta inhliziyo (ukunyakaza). Ukuhlola indawo lapho ingane ithuthukiswa khona nokwenza ngokufanele kusiza inqubo yokwelapha. Ezinganeni ezinombono oqinile, izincwadi, amavidiyo noma amakhadi zingasetshenziswa. Ezinganeni ezinokuqonda okuqinile kokuzwa, isifundo singaqoshwa ngokulalelwayo ukuze zikwazi ukusiphinda ekhaya. Ukubakhuthaza ukuthi basebenze nabangani nakho kungasiza inqubo. Isibonelo, enganeni enenkinga yokufunda izinombolo ezinkingeni zezibalo, izindawo lapho ingane yenza kahle khona zingahlolwa futhi zandiswe nezisombululo ezinjengokubhala izinkinga nokuzethula kuye.
Izeluleko zemindeni
- Gxila ezicini ezinhle zengane yakho,
- Ungagcini nje ngengane yakho empumelelweni yesikole,
- Mkhuthaze ukuthi ahlole izindawo ezahlukene lapho engaphumelela khona (njengomculo noma ezemidlalo),
- Nciphisa amathemba akho kulokho abangakwenza,
- Nikeza izincazelo ezilula neziqondakalayo,
- Khumbula ukuthi zonke izingane zihlukile.