Iyini ingozi yokubhema?

Ugwayi, okleliswe kuqala phakathi kwemikhiqizo kagwayi esetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, ungomunye wemikhuba eyingozi kakhulu ebangela ukufa kwabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezinhlanu minyaka yonke.

Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi kuyimbangela yokuqala yezifo ezingagwemeka nezingathathelwana kanye nokufa okuhlobene nalezi zifo emhlabeni wonke. Kunamakhemikhali angaphezu kuka-7000 entuthwini kagwayi, amakhulukhulu awo anobuthi futhi angaphezu kuka-70 awo anomdlavuza ngokuqondile.

Izingxenye eziningi eziyingozi ezifana ne-cadmium esetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni amabhethri, igesi ye-methane etholakala ngobuningi emaxhaphozini, i-arsenic esetshenziswa embonini yamakhemikhali futhi eyaziwa ngokuba nemiphumela yayo enobuthi, i-nicotine esetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwezibulala-zinambuzane, igesi ye-carbon monoxide ebangela isitofu kanye nobuthi bokushisisa amanzi, futhi i-ammonia esetshenziswa embonini kapende idonswa ngqo emzimbeni ngentuthu kagwayi.

Phakathi kwalawa makhemikhali anobuthi anemiphumela emibi kakhulu empilweni yomuntu, into ebizwa ngokuthi i-nicotine, esetshenziswa njengesibulala-zinambuzane, nayo inomphumela onamandla ovuselelayo ohlelweni lwezinzwa. Ngenxa yalesi sici se-nicotine, ababhemayo baba umlutha we-nicotine ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Iyini I-Cigarette Addiction?

Ukuba umlutha wezidakamizwa kuchazwa yiNhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba ngokuthi "umuntu ubona into ethinta ingqondo ayisebenzisayo njengebaluleke kakhulu kunezinye izinto ezaziswa ngaphambili nezinto azifunayo futhi unikeza leyo nto into eza kuqala kakhulu" futhi ingafingqwa njengokulahlekelwa umuntu. wokulawula ukusetshenziswa kwanoma iyiphi into.

Ukulutheka kweNicotine, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukulutheka kukagwayi, kuchazwa yiNhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba ngokuthi "ukusetshenziswa njalo kukagwayi owodwa ngosuku". Ngokusetshenziswa kwe-nicotine, enemiphumela evuselelayo ohlelweni lwezinzwa, umuntu angase abhekane nokulutheka ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukulutheka, okwenzeka phakathi nezinyanga zokusetshenziswa kotshwala futhi phakathi nezinsuku zokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, kwenzeka emahoreni ambalwa ngokusetshenziswa kwe-nicotine. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugwema ukubhema, okuhlobene ngokuqondile nezinkinga eziningi zempilo ezingathi sína njengomdlavuza, isifo senhliziyo, unhlangothi nokucindezeleka, kanye nokuthola ukwesekwa kochwepheshe kumayunithi ochwepheshe uma kwenzeka umlutha.

Iyini ingozi yokubhema?

Ukubhema kuthinta kabi zonke izitho zomzimba, ikakhulukazi amaphaphu, futhi kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zempilo ezihlobene nezinhlelo eziningi zomzimba. Izinkinga zempilo ezihlobene nokubhema kanye nokulimala kwakho, okuyimbangela yokufa komuntu oyedwa njalo ngemizuzwana engu-6 emhlabeni wonke, zingafakwa ohlwini olulandelayo:

Umdlavuza

Kunamakhemikhali angaphezu kuka-7000 kugwayi, amakhulu awo anobuthi, futhi angaphezu kuka-70 awo anomdlavuza ngokuqondile. Ukuchayeka kwentuthu kagwayi yesibili, okubizwa ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi kanye nokubhema ungenzi lutho, kuhlobene ngokuqondile nezifo eziningi zomdlavuza, ikakhulukazi umdlavuza wamaphaphu nomdlavuza wesibeletho.

Noma kuthinta inqubo yokwelapha umdlavuza. Nakuba ingozi yokufa komuntu obhemayo ngenxa yanoma yisiphi isifo esihlobene nomdlavuza ikhula izikhathi ezingu-7, ingozi yokufa okuhlobene nomdlavuza wamaphaphu iyanda izikhathi ezingu-12 kuya kwezingu-24.

Izifo Zenhliziyo

Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi kanye nokuchayeka entuthuni kagwayi kungezinye zezinto ezingagwemeka eziholela ezifweni zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Igesi ye-carbon monoxide, etholakala entuthwini kagwayi futhi ebangela ushevu wesitofu nesifudumezi samanzi, idlula isuka emaphashini iye egazini.

Ibophezela ngokuqondile emangqamuzaneni egazi abizwa ngokuthi i-hemoglobin. Lapho la mangqamuzana, anesibopho sokuthwala umoya-mpilo ezicubu, eboshwe negesi ye-carbon monoxide, awakwazi ukuthwala ama-molecule e-oksijini futhi amandla egazi okuthwala umoya-mpilo ezicubu ayancipha kakhulu.

Ngenxa yalokho, umsebenzi wenhliziyo uyanda, umfutho wegazi we-intravascular uyakhuphuka futhi izifo zesistimu yenhliziyo ziyakhula. Ingozi yokuthi ababhemayo bafe ngenxa yezifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi efana nesifo senhliziyo iphakeme izikhathi ezi-4 kunabangabhemi.

Izifo Zesistimu Yokuphefumula

Isitho sogwayi esithinteka kakhulu ngokushesha nangokunamandla amaphaphu. Ithayela, elinye lamakhemikhali ayingozi atholakala entuthwini ehogelwayo, linqwabelana esicutshini samaphaphu futhi libangele ukulimala kulezi zicubu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ngenxa yalokho, amandla okuphefumula ayancipha futhi ingozi yezifo ezinzima ezihlobene nesistimu yokuphefumula njengesifuba somoya kanye nesifo esingamahlalakhona sokuphefumula kwamaphaphu (COPD) siyakhula. Kungashiwo ukuthi ingozi ye-COPD ikhuphuka ngaphezu kuka-8% ngenxa yokubhema isikhathi eside.

Ukonakala Emisebenzini Yocansi

Ukuze wonke amangqamuzana asemzimbeni aqhubeke nokusebenza ngendlela efanele, ingqamuzana ngalinye kufanele libe namazinga omoya-mpilo anele. Ngenxa yokubhema, amandla okuthwala umoya-mpilo egazini ayancipha kakhulu futhi lokhu kubangela ukulahlekelwa ukusebenza kuzo zonke izinhlelo zomzimba.

Amakhemikhali anobuthi angenwa intuthu kagwayi abangela ukuwohloka kwemisebenzi yocansi kubo bobabili ubulili. Lawa makhemikhali, anemiphumela eyingozi kakhulu kuma-ovari namasende, nawo angenye yezinto ezibalulekile ezandisa ingozi yokungazali.

Nakuba ukubhema kubangela izinkinga ezihlobene nempilo yokuzala ezifana nokuphuphuma kwesisu, izinkinga ze-placenta nokukhulelwa kwe-ectopic ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ayanda amathuba okuba nomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini ongavamile, ukukhumuzeka kwamathambo, ukunqamuka kokuya esikhathini ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nomdlavuza we-gynecological ngaphandle kokukhulelwa.

Izifo Zezinso

I-Nicotine efakwa emzimbeni ngentuthu kagwayi iphenduka ikhemikhali ehlukile ebizwa ngokuthi i-cotinine ngemva kokuba igayiwe. Le nto, okungenye yemfucuza ye-metabolic yomzimba, ikhishwa emzimbeni ngomchamo, kodwa idlula kulo lonke uhlelo lwe-renal ize ikhishwe ngomchamo, futhi okwamanje, izinso nezinye izakhiwo zithinteka kabi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwanda komfutho wegazi obangelwa ukubhema kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu ezinso ngisho nokwehluleka kwezinso ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukucindezeleka

Ukubhema kunemiphumela eyingozi kakhulu empilweni yengqondo, nakuzo zonke izinhlelo zomzimba. Izimpawu zokucindezeleka zivame kakhulu kubantu ababhemayo noma abachayeka ekubhemeni kukagwayi, futhi ikakhulukazi ukwanda okusheshayo nokuncipha kwamazinga e-nicotine kukhulisa kakhulu ukuthambekela komuntu ekucindezelekeni.

Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2

Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi kungenye yezinto ezibalulekile eziholela ohlotsheni lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Nakuba abantu abake babhema esikhathini esidlule banamathuba angu-28% okuba nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, leli nani liphakeme kakhulu kubantu abaqhubeka bebhema.

Izinzuzo Zezempilo Zokuyeka Ukubhema

Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi kuthinta ngqo zonke izinhlelo zomzimba futhi kubangela izifo eziningi zesistimu. Ukuncipha komthamo wegazi othwala umoya-mpilo kubangela ukuthi amangqamuzana ancishwe umoya-mpilo futhi kwandisa amathuba okuba sengozini yezinkinga eziningi zempilo, kusukela ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo kuye ekucindezelekeni.

Nokho, ngemva nje kokuyeka ukubhema, amandla okuthwala umoya-mpilo egazini ayakhula futhi wonke amangqamuzana omzimba afinyelele ukugcwala okwanele komoyampilo.

Isikhathi kanye nezinzuzo zezempilo ngemva kokuyeka ukubhema zingafakwa ohlwini olulandelayo:

• Phakathi nemizuzu engu-20, umfutho wegazi ubuyela kokujwayelekile; Kukhona ukuthuthuka kokujikeleza kwegazi.
• Ngemuva kwamahora angu-8, izinga le-carbon monoxide egazini liqala ukwehla futhi ukuhlushwa komoya-mpilo egazini kuyanda.
• Ngemuva kwamahora angu-24, ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, okwandisa izikhathi ezingu-4 ngokusetshenziswa kukagwayi, iqala ukwehla.
• Ekupheleni kwenkathi yamahora angu-48, umonakalo eziphethweni zezinzwa uyancipha futhi umuzwa wokunambitha nokuhogela uyathuthuka.
• Ukujikeleza kwegazi kuthuthukisa phakathi kwamaviki ama-2 nezinyanga ezi-3; umthamo wamaphaphu ukhuphuka ngo-30%. Ukuhamba, ukuzivocavoca, nokugibela izitebhisi kuba lula kakhulu.
• Phakathi kwenyanga engu-1 nezinyanga ezingu-9, ukufihla, okugxilwe ezizonweni nasemaphashini, kunciphisa; Ukuphefumula okunempilo kuqinisekiswa futhi umuntu uqala ukuzizwa enomdlandla futhi enamandla.
• Ekupheleni konyaka ongu-1 wokungabhemi, kokubili izakhiwo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi ziba ngcono kakhulu futhi ingozi ye-coronary artery disease iyancipha ngesigamu.
• Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-5, ingozi yokufa ngenxa yomdlavuza wamaphaphu iyancipha. Ingozi yokushaywa unhlangothi iyafana nomuntu ongabhemi. Izingozi zomdlavuza ohlobene nomlomo, umphimbo, umminzo, amanyikwe, esinyeni nezinso ziyancipha.

Ingabe Ukubhema Kuthinta I-Sperm Motility?

Ukubhema kungathinta kabi ukuhamba kwesidoda. Kwabesilisa ababhemayo, inani lesidoda lingancipha, kubangele ukukhubazeka kwesidoda futhi kuthinte kabi ukuhamba kwesidoda. Lokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni zokuzala futhi kunciphise namathuba okukhulelwa. Amadoda abhemayo angathuthukisa impilo yawo yesidoda ngokuyeka ukubhema.

Uhlelo Lokuyeka Ukubhema

Izinhlelo zokuyeka ukubhema zisiza ababhemayo banqobe ukuluthwa kwabo kwe-nicotine. Lezi zinhlelo zihlinzeka ngamasu okuyeka ukubhema, ukusekela kanye nezinsizakalo zokwelulekwa. Kusetshenziswa izindlela ezehlukene, okuhlanganisa nemikhiqizo yokubuyisela i-nicotine, imithi kadokotela, nokwelashwa kokuziphatha. Ngokukhetha uhlelo lomuntu siqu lokuyeka ukubhema, ababhemayo bangandisa amathuba abo okuyeka ukubhema.

Izingozi Zokubhema Lapho Ukhulelwe

Ukubhema ngenkathi ukhulelwe kungalimaza kakhulu impilo kamama kanye nombungu. Ukubhema kungandisa ingozi yokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kubangele isisindo sokuzalwa esiphansi, futhi kubangele izinkinga zokukhula kwengane. Ukwengeza, usana olusesibelethweni luchayeka ku-nicotine namakhemikhali ayingozi, angabangela izinkinga zempilo zesikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa kakhulu ukugwema ukubhema ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Yiziphi Izitho Ezilimaza Ukubhema?

Ukubhema kungaba nemiphumela eyingozi ezithweni nasezinhlelweni eziningi emzimbeni. Kudala umonakalo omkhulu ikakhulukazi emaphashini futhi kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Kulimaza nesimiso senhliziyo futhi kwandisa ingozi yezifo zenhliziyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubhema kungalimaza izitho eziningi ezifana nesibindi, izinso, isisu namathumbu futhi kwandise amathuba okuba nomdlavuza.

Ingabe Ukubhema Kuyawalimaza Amazinyo?

Ukubhema kunemiphumela eminingi eyingozi emazinyweni nasezinyo koqweqwe lwawo, izifo zomlomo kanye nephunga. Ukubhema kungabangela amazinyo abe phuzi, kuguge uqweqwe lwamazinyo, futhi kwandise ingozi yesifo sezinsini. Kungabangela nezinkinga zokuphefumula. Izinkinga zempilo yamazinyo zivame kakhulu kubantu ababhemayo, futhi ukubhema isikhathi eside kungaholela ekuphumeni kwamazinyo. Ukuyeka ukubhema kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuvikela impilo yamazinyo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nokubhema

Ukubhema kuyithinta kanjani impilo yesikhumba?

Ukubhema kungaba nomthelela omubi empilweni yesikhumba. Amakhemikhali anobuthi aqukethwe kugwayi anganciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi esikhumbeni futhi avimbele ukukhiqizwa kwe-collagen. Lokhu kungase kubangele ukubonakala ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwemibimbi nemigqa, okuyizimpawu zokuguga esikhumbeni. Ukwengeza, isikhumba sababhemayo singase sibonakale sifiphele futhi siphaphathekile. Ukubhema kungase kwandise amathuba okuba nezinduna nezinye izinkinga zesikhumba.

Yiziphi izingozi zempilo zokubhema?

Ukubhema kunezingozi eziningi empilweni. Ukubhema kwandisa amathuba okuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, isifo senhliziyo, isifo esingamahlalakhona sokuvimbela amaphaphu (COPD), unhlangothi, isifo sikashukela, umdlavuza wesisu, umdlavuza womlomo, umdlavuza womminzo nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza. Ukwengeza, ukubhema kucasula umgudu wokuphefumula, kunganciphisa amasosha omzimba, futhi kubangele ukuvuvukala kuwo wonke umzimba.

Iyini intuthu kagwayi futhi iyingozi kanjani?

Ukubhema ugwayi kubhekisela esimweni lapho abantu abangabhemi bechayeka entuthuni kagwayi. Intuthu kagwayi idala ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali afanayo ayingozi futhi ingaholela ezinkingeni zempilo. Intuthu kagwayi iyingozi ikakhulukazi ezinganeni, kwabesifazane abakhulelwe kanye nabantu abanezinkinga ezingapheli zokuphefumula. Ukubhema kukagwayi kungandisa ingozi yezinkinga zempilo ezimbi njengezifo zokuphefumula, isifo senhliziyo nomdlavuza.

Buyini ubuhlobo phakathi kokubhema nesifo senhliziyo?

Ukubhema kuhlobene eduze nesifo senhliziyo. Ukubhema kungakhuphula umfutho wegazi futhi kubangele ukuthi imithambo yegazi iqine futhi ivaleke. Lokhu kwandisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi. Intuthu kagwayi ingehlisa izinga le-oxygen emzimbeni, icindezele imisipha yenhliziyo futhi yandise ingozi yokwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Ukuyeka ukubhema kubalulekile empilweni yenhliziyo futhi kunganciphisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo.

Ukuluthwa ugwayi kungase kudingeke ukuba kwelashwe ngezindlela zobuchwepheshe ezikhungweni ezinolwazi. Ungakhohlwa ukuthola usizo lochwepheshe lapho uyeka ukubhema.