ZUInkulumo ebambezelekile nokuhamba sekwephuzile ezinganeni
Inkulumo ebambezelekile nokuhamba sekwephuzile ezinganeni
Ukubambezeleka kokukhula kuchazwa ngokuthi izingane azikwazi ukuqeda izigaba zokukhula ezilindelekile ngesikhathi noma ukuziqeda sekwephuzile. Uma ukhuluma ngokulibaziseka kwentuthuko, ukuthuthukiswa ngokomzimba kuphela kwengane akufanele kucatshangelwe. Izinga lentuthuko emikhakheni efana nengqondo, imizwa, inhlalo, imizwa kanye nolimi kufanele libhekwe futhi lihlolwe.
Inqubo evamile yokuthuthukiswa kwezingane
Izitho ezidingekayo ekukhulumeni kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa azikakakhuli ngokwanele ukuba zingalawuleka. Izingane zichitha isikhathi esiningi sezinsuku zazo zilalele amazwi onina. Nokho, basaveza izifiso zabo ezahlukene ngamaphimbo okukhala, ukuhleka kanye nezinkulumo ngolimi lwabo. Abazali abalandela eduze izinqubo zokukhula kwezingane zabo bangakwazi ukubona izinkinga ezingaba khona njengokukhuluma sekwephuzile nokuhamba sekwephuzile ngesikhathi. Ukwenza imisindo engasho lutho nokuhleka kuyimizamo yokuqala yezingane yokukhuluma. Ngokuvamile, izingane ziqala ukusebenzisa amagama anengqondo ngemva kokuba sezinonyaka owodwa ubudala, futhi inqubo yokufunda amagama amasha ishesha kusukela enyangeni ye-18. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuthuthukiswa kwamagama ezingane nakho kuyabonwa. Ngaphambi kweminyaka emi-2, izingane zisebenzisa ukushukuma komzimba kanye namagama, kodwa ngemva kweminyaka emi-2, ziqala ukusebenzisa ukushukuma komzimba kancane futhi ziziveze ngemisho. Lapho izingane zifinyelela eminyakeni engu-4-5 ubudala, zingakwazi ukuveza izifiso zabo kanye nezidingo zabo kubantu abadala ngemisho emide neyinkimbinkimbi ngaphandle kobunzima futhi bangakwazi ukuqonda kalula izenzakalo kanye nezindaba ezizungezile. Ukukhula kwezimoto zezingane nakho kungase kuhluke. Isibonelo, ezinye izingane zithatha izinyathelo zazo zokuqala lapho zinonyaka owodwa ubudala, futhi ezinye izingane zithatha izinyathelo zazo zokuqala lapho zinezinyanga ezingu-15-16 ubudala. Izingane ngokuvamile ziqala ukuhamba phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-12 neziyi-18.
Kunini lapho izingane okufanele zisole khona ukukhuluma sekwephuzile kanye nezinkinga zokuhamba sekwephuzile?
Izingane kulindeleke ukuthi zibonise amakhono azo okukhuluma nokuhamba ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyi-18-30. Izingane ezingase zibe ngemuva kontanga yazo kwamanye amakhono zingase zibe namakhono afana nokudla, ukuhamba nokuya endlini encane, kodwa ukukhuluma kwazo kungase kubambezeleke. Ngokuvamile, zonke izingane zinezigaba zokukhula ezifanayo. Nokho, ezinye izingane zingase zibe nesikhathi sokukhula esiyingqayizivele, ngakho-ke zingase ziqale ukukhuluma kusenesikhathi noma kamuva kunoontanga bazo. Ocwaningweni olwenziwe ngezinkinga zokukhuluma sekwephuzile, kutholwe ukuthi izingane ezinenkinga yolimi nokukhuluma zisebenzisa amagama ambalwa. Lapho kusheshe kutholakale izinkinga zolimi nenkulumo yengane, kulapho ukwelashwa kwayo kungashesha khona. Uma ingane ikhula kancane kakhulu kunontanga yayo eneminyaka ephakathi kwezinyanga ezingu-24 nezingu-30 futhi ingakwazi ukuvala igebe phakathi kwayo nezinye izingane, izinkinga zayo zokukhuluma nezolimi zingase zibe zimbi kakhulu. Le nkinga ingaba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngokuhlanganisa nezinkinga ezingokwengqondo nezenhlalo. Uma izingane zikhuluma nothisha bazo ngaphezu kontanga yazo ezinkulisa nasezinkulisa, zigwema ukudlala imidlalo nezinye izingane, futhi zinenkinga yokuziveza, kufanele kukhulunywe nodokotela onguchwepheshe. Ngokunjalo, uma ingane enezinyanga ezingu-18 ingakaqali ukuhamba, ingakhaseki, ingasukumi ngokubambelela entweni, noma ingenzi umnyakazo wokusunduza ngemilenze ngesikhathi ilele, kufanele kusolwe ukuthi ukuhamba kuhamba kancane futhi. kufanele nakanjani abonane nodokotela onguchwepheshe.
Ukuphuza ukukhuluma nokuhamba sekwephuzile ezinganeni kungase kube izimpawu zasiphi isifo?
Izinkinga zezokwelapha ezenzeka ngaphambi, ngesikhathi nangemva kokuzalwa zidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuleni kwengane. Izinkinga ezifana nezifo ze-metabolic, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, izifo zemisipha, ukutheleleka kanye nokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ku-fetus akuthinti nje ukukhula kwemoto yengane kodwa nakho konke ukukhula kwayo. Izinkinga zokukhula njenge-Down syndrome, i-cerebral palsy, ne-muscular dystrophy zingabangela izingane ukuba zihambe sekwephuzile. Ubunzima bamakhono olimi nokukhuluma bubonwa ezinganeni ezinezinkinga zezinzwa ezifana ne-hydrocephalus, unhlangothi, isithuthwane, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kanye nezifo ezifana ne-autism. Izingane ezifinyelela ezinyangeni eziyi-18 ubudala futhi ezinenkinga yokudlala nezinye izingane futhi ezingakwazi ukuziveza zingase kuthiwe zinezinkinga zokukhuluma nezolimi, kodwa lezi zinkinga zibuye zibonakale njengezimpawu ze-autism. Ukuqashelwa kusenesikhathi kobunzima bokuhamba nokukhuluma nokungenelela ngokushesha kungasiza ukuxazulula izinkinga ngokushesha.